PowerPoint slides shown during the lectures for General Chemistry I - PDF document

1/29/2018 PowerPoint slides shown during the lectures for General Chemistry I CHM 1045, Section 21 Spring 2018 Instructor: Ken Goldsby from 1/8/2018 to 1/26/2018. 1

1/29/2018 The process of deep-frying can be divided into four stages: (1) Initial heating. The surface of the food reaches the boiling point of water. (2) Surface boiling. The hot oil surrounding the food causes water inside the food to evaporate. (3) Decreasing heat transfer rate. Crust continues to dehydrate, less heat conduction, rate of heat transfer through escaping steam decreases (reduced bubbling). The remaining moisture inside of the food is slowly heated to the boiling point of water, which cooks the food inside as if it were boiled, gelatinizing the starch and denaturing the proteins in the food. (4) Bubble end point. Water from inside the food is no longer evaporating. Remove the fried food before it begins to absorb oil. https://scienceandfooducla.wordpress.com/2015/08/25/fair-food-deep-frying / 2

1/29/2018 Indiana Jones and the Raiders of the Lost Arc Paramount, 1981 Assuming the statue is solid gold, how much will it weigh? A. 10 lb B. 20 lb C. 40 lb D. 80 lb E. 160 lb 3

1/29/2018 Assuming the statue is solid gold, how much will it weigh? A. 10 lb B. 20 lb C. 40 lb D. 80 lb E. 160 lb 4

1/29/2018 Assuming the statue is solid gold, how much will it weigh? A. 10 lb B. 20 lb C. 40 lb D. 80 lb E. 160 lb 5

1/29/2018 René Descartes (1596-1650) 6

1/29/2018 Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit German physicist 1709, alcohol thermometer 1714, mercury thermometer 1724, Fahrenheit Scale, allowed temperatures to be recorded reproducibly. Anders Celsius Swedish astronomer 1742, devised the centigrade or "Celsius scale" 7

1/29/2018 0 K  liquid helium 900 megahertz, 21.1-tesla NMR 4.2 K  magnet at the FSU National High Magnetic Field Laboratory (Mag Lab) 8

1/29/2018 How much does it cost to drive from FSU (Tallahassee) to UF (Gainesville)? 9

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1/29/2018 Assuming the lowest charge corresponds to having only one electron transferred to the oil drop, implies.... (4.8 x 10 -19 C)/(1.6 x 10 -19 C) = 3  3 e  (3.2 x 10 -19 C)/(1.6 x 10 -19 C) = 2  2 e  (6.4 x 10 -19 C)/(1.6 x 10 -19 C) = 4  4 e  (1.6 x 10 -19 C)/(1.6 x 10 -19 C) = 1  1 e  (4.8 x 10 -19 C)/(1.6 x 10 -19 C) = 3  3 e  12

1/29/2018 Triboelectric Series Becom e positive in charge The following m aterials will tend to give up electrons when brought in contact with other materials. They are listed from those with the greatest tendency to give electrons to those that barely give up electrons. Becom e negative in charge Dry hum an skin Greatest tendency to giving up electrons and becoming highly positive (+ ) in The following materials will tend to attract electrons when brought in contact with charge other materials. They are listed from those with the least tendency to attract electrons to those that readily attract electrons. Leather Rabbit fur Fur is often used to create static W ood Attracts som e electrons, but is almost electricity neutral Glass The glass on your TV screen gets Am ber charged and collects dust Hard rubber Som e combs are made of hard rubber Hum an hair "Flyaway hair" is a good example of having a moderate positive (+ ) charge Nickel, Copper Copper brushes used in Wimshurst electrostatic generator Nylon Brass, Silver W ool Gold, Platinum It is surprising that these metals attract Lead A surprise that lead would collect as electrons almost as much as polyester much static electricity as cat fur Polyester Clothes have static cling Cat fur Styrene Packing material seems to stick to Silk ( Styrofoam ) everything Alum inum Gives up som e electrons Saran W rap You can see how Saran Wrap will stick to things Paper Polyurethane Neutral Polyethylene ( like Pull Scotch Tape off surface and it will Scotch Tape) become charged There are very few m aterials that do not tend to readily attract or give up electrons when brought in contact or rubbed with other m aterials. Polypropylene Vinyl ( PVC) Many electrons will collect on PVC Cotton Best for non-static clothes surface Steel Not useful for static electricity Silicon Teflon Greatest tendency of gathering electrons on its surface and becom ing highly negative (-) in charge http://www.school-for-champions.com/science/static_materials.htm An effort to reconstruct Millikan's "exemplary" experimental thinking revealed serious discrepancies between Millikan's notebooks and his published "raw" data (Holton, 1978). The numerous notes which are scattered across the pages cast further doubt on Millikan's integrity: This is almost exactly right & the best one I ever had!!! [20 December 1911] Exactly right [3 February 1912] Publish this Beautiful one [24 February 1912] Publish this surely / Beautiful !! [15 March 1912, #1] Error high will not use [15 March 1912, #2] Perfect Publish [11 April 1912] Won't work [16 April 1912, #2] Too high by 1½% [16 April 1912, #3] http://www1.umn.edu/ships/ethics/millikan.htm 13

1/29/2018 The notebooks reveal that, indeed, substantial data are missing from Millikan's published reports. Of 175 total drops documented in the notebooks, only 58 (barely one-third) appear in the final paper. By contrast, Millikan had announced in his 1913 paper that "It is to be remarked, too, that this is not a selected group of drops but represents all of the drops experimented on during 60 consecutive days, during which time the apparatus was taken down several times and set up anew" [his own emphasis!]. In his 1917 book, The Electron, he repeats this statement and then adds, "These drops represent all of those studied for 60 consecutive days, no single drop being omitted.“ At first blush, this outrageous violation of scientific integrity would seem to discredit Millikan's findings. Even if one assumes that standards of reporting data earlier in the century were less rigorous, Millikan clearly misrepresented the extent of his data. One may caution students, however, that we may not want to conclude that therefore there was no good, "scientific" basis for his selective use of data. A more complete analysis of Millikan's notebooks, in fact, and of the nature of the experimental task that they crudely document, reveals more tellingly the reasons that Millikan included some drops and excluded others. http://www1.umn.edu/ships/ethics/millikan.htm 14

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1/29/2018 It the nucleus was the size of a soda bottle cap.... ... a typical atom would be this big! 16

1/29/2018 A. S  Typical question, but a more realistic B. Se  question would be... C. Se 2  What is the formula of the compound you would expect to form between D. Br  potassium and selenium, and how would you name that compound? E. Br 2  17

1/29/2018 The ionic compound formed between calcium and phosphorous is used to make incendiary bombs and also as a rodenticide. What is the expected formula for this compound? A. CaP B. CaP 2 C. Ca 2 P D. Ca 2 P 3 E. Ca 3 P 2 What is the name of the compound Rb 2 S? A. rubidium sulfide B. dirubidium sulfide C. dirubidium monosulfide D. rubidium(I) sulfide E. dirubidium(I) sulfide 18

1/29/2018 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrogen_oxide 19

1/29/2018 one ream paper = 500 sheets of paper one dozen donuts = 12 donuts one mole water molecules = 602,200,000,000 000,000,000,000 one gross lightbulbs = 144 lightbulbs water molecules You are throwing a party for 12 people. Assume each person will eat 9 shrimp. How many pounds of “18-count” shrimp should you buy? A. 3 lbs B. 6 lbs C. 9 lbs D. 12 lbs E. 15 lbs 20

1/29/2018 mass of H 2 O absorbed mass of CO 2 absorbed moles of H 2 O absorbed moles of CO 2 absorbed moles of H in sample moles of C in sample 21

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1/29/2018 What is the name of the compound Fe 2 O 3 ? 24

1/29/2018 The following slides are from when I used to use clickers in this class. We asked a few of these in class, but I included the original versions here for additional practice. Iodine-131 is used to image the brain and monitor thyroid activity, but it is also a byproduct of nuclear fusion and causes cancer. An 131 I nucleus contains: A. 53 protons and 78 neutrons B. 53 protons and 131 neutrons C. 78 protons and 53 neutrons D. 131 protons and 53 neutrons E. 131 protons and 78 neutrons 25

1/29/2018 Iodine-131 is used to image the brain and monitor thyroid activity, but it is also a byproduct of nuclear fusion and causes cancer. An 131 I nucleus contains: A. 53 protons and 78 neutrons B. 53 protons and 131 neutrons C. 78 protons and 53 neutrons D. 131 protons and 53 neutrons E. 131 protons and 78 neutrons What is the name of the compound Rb 2 S? A. rubidium sulfide B. dirubidium sulfide C. dirubidium monosulfide D. rubidium(I) sulfide E. dirubidium(I) sulfide 26

1/29/2018 What is the name of the compound Rb 2 S? A. rubidium sulfide B. dirubidium sulfide C. dirubidium monosulfide D. rubidium(I) sulfide E. dirubidium(I) sulfide The ionic compound formed between calcium and phosphorous is used to make incendiary bombs and also as a rodenticide. What is the expected formula for this compound? A. CaP B. CaP 2 C. Ca 2 P D. Ca 2 P 3 E. Ca 3 P 2 27