Renewable Energy Storage Using Hydrogen in North America Smart Grids Forum Hannover Messe Everett Anderson 27 April 2016
Outline • Introduction • Market Drivers for Hydrogen as an Energy Storage Solution • Proton’s MW Electrolyzer – The M Series • Case Studies • Summary 2
Proton OnSite Manufacturer of packaged products, systems • Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) expertise • H 2 generation by water electrolysis • N 2 generation by membrane and CMS • Founded in 1996 – 20 Year Anniversary! • 9,300 m 2 manufacturing/R&D facility • ISO 9001:2008 registered Over 2500 systems in more than 75 countries Proton’s World Headquarters in Wallingford, CT 3
Commercial Products M Series H Series C Series 1 MW Process Skid S Series Lab Gas Generators 2 MW Process Skid 4
Wind in the United States Courtesy of NREL, 2016 5
Investments Continue to Grow . . . Total global investment in clean energy by year, in billions of dollars. (Bloomberg New Energy Finance) 6
Need for Energy Storage Solar energy and wind farm systems would benefit from large-scale energy storage due to three factors, especially with large utility grid penetration of intermittent renewables: • Limited by electrical transmission line constraints between the source and demand. • Lack of adequate electricity load at the time of large renewable generation potential. • Increased GHG emissions & local pollution due to use of fossil fuel generators (e.g. NG turbine) to “firm” intermittent renewables. – Use of RE & part load NG turbines may actually be worse than using full-load NG turbines alone. Reference: Willem Post, “Wind energy does little to reduce GHG emissions,” available at http://theenergycollective.com/willem-post/64492/wind-energy-reduces-co2-emissions-few- percent 7
Gaseous Fuels Provide Unique Storage Functionality Courtesy of NREL, 2016 8
H 2 Energy Pathways Courtesy of NREL, 2016 9
Renewable Hydrogen Impact 2% of US energy currently goes through H 2 more than 95% by natural gas reforming If 2050 US H 2 projections can be produced from renewables, it could cut 45% of all US carbon Electronics emissions 2500 M metric tons of CO 2 • $118 billion in market revenues projected Slide courtesy of Bryan Pivovar, NREL 2016 10 Slide courtesy of Bryan Pivovar, NREL 2016
Finding the Value Proposition • Markets are large but customers want solutions not a set of discrete technologies. • Creative entrepreneurs are finding ways that hydrogen fits and provides an investment return. • Opportunities are very geographically specific. • Pending incentive adjustments, especially in the EU can help move things faster. 11
Proton Technology Answer • PEM Megawatt electrolyzer launched in 2014. • 1 and 2 MW building blocks • Internally funded. • Product has completed all validation and certification testing and is being offered globally. • 30 bar hydrogen, ambient oxygen. • 20 years of PEM experience leveraged in design. • Cell stack design with over 600,000 cell hours of operating data. 12
Proton OnSite M Series Standard Features • Scalable – 1MW (200 Nm 3 /hr) and 2MW (400 Nm 3 /hr) building blocks • Developed with internally funding – launched in 2014 • Product validation completed – offering product globally • Reliable – Proton’s 20 year PEM track record & 600,000 cell -hrs of cell stack operating data • Safety – 30 bar hydrogen, ambient pressure oxygen 13
Market Based Opportunities 14
2015 – First U.S. Power-to-Gas Project • Southern California Gas (SoCalGas), UC Irvine, NREL, & Proton • Phase 1 – Unique 7 kW electrolyzer with proprietary DC-DC converter and MPPT control system • Provides a key research platform for testing PEM electrolyzer in a direct DC mode of operation • H 2 being fed to four uses: – Vented – Stored (at various pressures) – Into UCI-ELF natural gas pipeline – Into end-use combustion device • Phase 2 – 60 kW electrolyzer • Providing a larger production rate of hydrogen and allows for 3X scale up 15
University Energy Storage Project • University receives “Transmission Level Service” from utility (defined by campus peak demand exceeding 500kW in any month during the course of a year) • Current University demand charges represent 48% of electricity spend or close to $1M/yr. • 15MWh of power needed between 2:00pm and 9:00pm to cover demand charges • University has 4MW of installed wind power with over 20MWh being curtailed between 9PM and 6AM. • Excess power from night needs stored for shifting to day usage eliminating demand charges • The following options were evaluated: 16
University Case - Battery Storage Option Wind Turbines Battery Technology University 17
University Case – Electrolyzer with Fuel Cells Storage Option University Boilers FCV Fueling Option O 2 OPTIONAL HYDROGEN Electrolyzer Storage Tank Wind Turbines University Fuel Cell 18
University Case – Electrolyzer with Gas Turbine Storage Option FCV Fueling Option University Boilers O 2 OPTIONAL Storage Tanks OXYGEN HYDROGEN Electrolyzer Wind Turbines Gas Turbine Natural Gas Pipeline 19
University Energy Storage Project • Battery Option – Evaluated but the cost was too high based on expected life target of 20 years – negative ROI at 20 years. • Electrolyzer with Fuel Cell Option – Based on fuel cell life of 7-10 years and a high price FC Capex, the project had a positive ROI at 15 years primarily driven by the use of the oxygen from the electrolyzer for the University’s NG boilers. • Electrolyzer with Gas Turbine Option – Electrolyzer with economical gas turbine delivered a 4.5 year ROI for this option. As above the oxygen value was considered for use in the boiler enhanced operation. • 2MW electrolyzer with a 2.5MW gas turbine option selected. Targeting Q2 2017 completion. 20
H 2 Costs versus Li-Ion Case 2 : Hydrogen is Case 1 : Dedicated fuel cell for transported via CNG distribution converting stored energy back system and used in existing to electricity. generation asset. CHBC White Paper, Power-to-Gas: The Case for Hydrogen Key Takeaway: Even with a dedicated fuel cell for converting the stored energy back to electricity, H 2 energy storage is cost effective at longer discharge times. 21
Kunia Village Microgrid Energy Storage Project • 121 single family homes growing to 200 homes specifically for farm workers – off grid. • 200,000 square feet of commercial area leased to help pay for expenses. • Sewage wastewater to hydrogen. • Solar installed on aluminum structures allowing for land underneath to be used for agriculture and creating a greenhouse environment. • Reduces price of water used for irrigation of crops by reducing overall cost of electricity. o 20 year PPA with 98% uptime guarantee o Create substantial reduction in electricity cost and improves power quality moving from gensets to fuel cells. 22
Kunia’s Location Kunia 23
KUNIA SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE VENTURE • 16 acres of Greenhouse and AgIndustrial buildings for long- term lease • Community-Scale MicroGrid : 10 MW of Solar PV to power irrigation wells and Village businesses with advanced battery and hydrogen energy storage technologies. • Fixed energy prices for 20 years keeps costs for water low for farmers • Advanced wastewater treatment technology for recycling of farm and food processing effluents • Housing in the Village for low-income Farmworkers
Summary • Real commercial opportunities are presenting themselves globally to enable hydrogen as one option for renewable energy storage. • Legislative incentives are still needed to drive wider adoption of the technology especially in Europe. • As electrolysis costs come down additional transportation and other markets begin to further open under commercial terms. 25
Thank you! Everett Anderson Vice President, Business Development Technology & New Markets Proton OnSite Wallingford, CT USA Hall 27 Booth C70 +1 203 678 2105 eanderson@protononsite.com 26
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