Overview of Hydrogen Project in Mianz, Germany Hydrogen Mobility Ghufran Bala July 1, 2017 Hydrogen, Carbon-Free-Fuel, Democratizing the Energy 1
Contents —The Linde Group - Introduction —Gases Division – Brief Overview —Hydrogen Solution —Energiepark Mainz —Proton Exchange Membrane) Process – H2 Production —H2 Value Chain Concept – Energy Storage —H2 Production in Pakistan 2
Linde corporate heritage � History of over 130 years � The company’s founder, Professor Doctor Carl von Linde � Invented refrigeration technology and air separation. � Global market leader in gases and engineering solutions. � In the 2016 financial year, The Linde Group generated revenue of EUR 16.944 bn 65,000 employees working in more than 100 countries worldwide. 7/17/2017 3 3
Gases Division Integrated Gases Model Pipeline On-site Pipeline Gas Production Plant On-site supply e.g. Air Separation Unit (ASU) Bulk Transport of liquefied gas Value creation Filling sites Cylinder Filling sites Retailer 7/17/2017 4 4
Gases Division Wide range of products, services and applications Air Gases Other Gases Specialty Gases Medical Gases Gases — Nitrogen (N 2 ) — Acetylene (C 2 H 2 ) — Pure Gases — Medical Oxygen — Oxygen (O 2 ) — Helium (He) — Specialty — Nitric Oxide (NO) Gas Mixtures — Argon (Ar) — Propane (C 3 H 8 ) — Nitrous Oxide (N 2 O) — Rare Gases — Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) Krypton (Kr) — Carbon Monoxide (CO) Neon (Ne) — Hydrogen (H 2 ) Xenon (Xe) Services Administrative Efficiency Process Know-how Quality and Safety Supply Reliability Healthcare Chemistry Metallurgy Manu- Retail Food & Elec-tronics Other Applications & Energy & Glass facturing Beverages Linde gases are used, for example, in the energy sector, steel production, chemical processing, environmental protection and metal fabrication, as well as in glass production, food processing and electronics. The company is also a leading global supplier of premium healthcare products and services for patients with respiratory disorders. 7/17/2017 5 5
Hydrogen solutions | Linde covers the full value chain From production to fuelling and infrastructure Production & H 2 Fuelling Distribution Infrastructure Storage Stations LH 2 Liquid Hydrogen Conventional (e.g. Steam Cryopump Methane Reformer) CGH 2 Compressed Gaseous Hydrogen Renewable (e.g. Electrolysis) Ionic compressor Onsite Electrolysis 6
Hydrogen value chain | Projects around the world Power-to-Gas activities and hydrogen fuelling stations Countries with power-to-gas projects in planning and operation Rising interest in power-to-gas projects — Hydrogen mobility and Power-to-Gas activities have a good geographic fit. — Power-to-Gas enables zero emissions well-to-wheel in transport. 7
Hydrogen value chain | Production & storage Variety of feedstock for diversification and CO 2 reduction Conventional Renewable Grid electricity Wind/Water/Solar power Electrolysis Chemical processes Biological metabolism Biological processes (e.g. algae) By product H 2 Biomass gasification Solid biomass Coal gasification Bioliquid reforming (e.g. wood) Coal Steam methane reforming Liquid biomass (e.g. glycerol) Biogas (e.g. landfill-, Natural gas sewage gas) — Hydrogen serves as an energy carrier which is storable and transportable. — Hydrogen can connect the energy and the transport systems. 8
Production & storage | Solving the storage problem Hydrogen – Interconnector between energy-systems Power generation − Increasing amount of volatile energy feeding into the power grid − Power-generation exceeds demand in local grid and in transmission systems − Conventional power-plants are still necessary as safeguards but low operating hours affect operating results Renewables need energy storage − From a renewable power share of 30-50% and above, overgeneration (i.e. curtailment) and load ramping become critical and hinder further deployment − Only storage can take up overgeneration, provide back-up capacity and ramping − But: No single technology can fulfill all requirements Power-to-Gas / hydrogen has unique strengths Better than any other storage type, hydrogen can: − create cross-links from renewable electricity to other sectors (fuels, chemicals) − store large amounts of energy at reasonable costs (~170 GWh in one typical salt cavern ≙ ~ 2 hours of electricity consumption of Germany) − facilitate seasonal storage (weeks to months) 9
Production & storage | Energiepark Mainz Hydrogen energy storage scaled up to grid relevance Key facts — Connected to a wind-farm (8 MW) — 6.3 MW peak electrolyzer stacks (each 2.1 MW) — 800 kg storage (25 MWh) — 200 tons target annual output from 2017 onwards — Injection in local gas grid and multi-use trailer-filling — Budget: total 17 m€, funding: ~50% (BMWi) Objectives 1. Local grid integration by storing fluctuating renewable power 2. Provision of ancillary services in the electricity grid (including negative control reserve) 3. Testing and further development of megawatt class PEM electrolysis 4. Intelligent and efficient hydrogen conditioning, storage and handling, smart management structure 5. Research of effects of the increased hydrogen concentrations in the gas grid and end devices 6. Public relations and public acceptance 10
Hydrogen value chain | Infrastructure H 2 infrastructure initiatives in USA, Europe, and Japan H 2 M California SHHP Scandinavia UK Fuel Cell CEP -HyNor Partnership Germany -H 2 Sweden HySUT -H 2 Link, Denmark H 2 M Netherlands H 2 Mobility H 2 USA JHFC H 2 M Germany France North America Europe Asia − 50 HFS Program of BMVI (NIP) − Japanese NEV funding H 2 − California H 2 Stations 2016: > 80 stations − EU: Clean Power for Transport Road Map: infra- − Regional Korean HFS Directive, Alternative Fuels By 2016: 51 stations structure roll-out initiatives Strategy, FCH JU, CEF − Hot Spot California: − Hot Spot Germany : Focus of − Hot Spots Japan & Korea: Focus of OEMs due to CARB Advanced Clean Cars German OEMs due to funding H 2 funding structure (esp. Programm/ZEV regulations structure (NIP ,CEP): H2Mobility as fuel METI in Japan) − First commercial market for − Various other projects in UK, − China: growing activities utility fleet vehicles (FLT) Benelux, Scandinavia, etc. SHHP: Scandinavian Hydrogen Highway Partnership, JHFC: Japan Hydrogen & Fuel Cell Demonstration Project, HySUT: The Research Association of Hydrogen Supply/Utilization Technology, CARB: California Air Resources Board, ZEV: Zero Emission Vehicle, BMVI: Federal Ministry of Transport and Digital Infrastructure (DE), NIP: National Innovation Programme (DE), FCH JU: Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Joint Undertaking (EU), CEF: Connecting Europe Facility, CEP: Clean Energy Partnership (DE), NEV: New Energy Vehicle, METI: Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (JP) 11
Hydrogen value chain | Hydrogen as a fuel Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEV) best alternative Emission targets in major markets* Hyundai ix35 FCEV Start of production: Feb. 2013 Toyota „Mirai“ FCEV Start of production: Dec. 2014 Benefits of Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles (FCEV) — Zero emission tank–to-wheel — With renewable hydrogen: near zero emission well-to-wheel Honda FCEV “Clarity” Start of production: — Current ranges: 500 - 600 km 2016 — Refuelling time: 3 – 4 min — Silent driving like battery electric vehicles (BEV) 12 * Source: icct 2014
Hydrogen as a fuel | H 2 mobility Hydrogen refuelling infrastructure in Germany Action plan for the construction of a hydrogen H 2 Mobility Goals refuelling network in Germany by 2023 Synchronize HRS roll- − out with FCEV ramp-up ~400 will Germany´s Create a common − publichydrogen refueling stations structure to de-risk HRS network cover by 2023 deployment 100 hydrogen − refuelling stations in the next four years lie between the H 2 fuelling ~90 stations on the motorways 200 to 400 hydrogen − kilometres around the metropolitan refuelling stations by areas by 2023 2023, distributed all over the country 250,000 FCEVs on the − roads in 2023 >10 H 2 will be available in 350 MEUR planned fuelling each metropolitan area − investments stations from 2023 Metropolitan H 2 corridors Motorways areas 13
Hydrogen as a fuel | Bee Zero World‘s first hydrogen car sharing model Targets H 2 as fuel Technology Learning Data Create awareness Demonstrate Leverage learning Collect data and and bring “H 2 -as- validity of the experience for future learn about user fuel” closer to the technology and H 2 projects behaviour customer foster market development 14
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