EDF’S VISION AND AMBITION ON HYDROGEN MITEI’S 2019 SPRING SYMPOSIUM: CAN HYDROGEN BECOME PART OF THE CLIMATE SOLUTION? E. BRIERE : Executive Vice President R&D programm on Renewable Energy, Storage, Hydrogen and Environment
1. CURRENT STATE OF THE HYDROGEN MARKET IN FRANCE 2
Global vision of the hydrogen market in France 922,000 t/year 922,000 t/year Burned Heat recovery (28%) Co- production (60%) 10-15 kg CO2 Refining Unity of steam ref Par kg d’H2 (42%) COST between 1.5 and 4 €/kg per SMR NH3 and Captive depending on the flow rate fertilizer (30%) Production Flow rate 1000 to 300 000 Nm3/h (19 %) through SMR (40%) Chemistry COST Operating (8%) (10%) Diverse(3%) between 5 and 10 €/kg Production chain Consumption (by SMR with storage and transport) (as a % of total Flow rate <1000 Nm3/h consumption of 922,000 3 MITEI’s 2019 Spring Symposium tonnes)
Hydrogen can contribute to the decarbonation of the industry and heavy transport EMISSIONS FROM DIFFERENT Avoidable emissions from TOTAL HYDROGEN PRODUCTION IN FRANCE HYDROGEN PRODUCTION CHAINS French H2 production: 4 MtCO2/year or 1% of France's total gCO2/kWh PCS emissions. 60% 40% 400 0,36 Mt/y 0,9 Mt/y Fatal Steam reformer (co-produced) (10kg of CO2 for 300 1kg of H2 produced) 200 100 AS OF TODAY, By substituting electrolytic hydrogen for the hydrogen produced by the steam reformer, the H2 H2 H2 total French emissions would be reduced by 1% (reduction of CO2 emission during produced by produced produced transportation of H2 is not take into account). a steam by by reformer(cur electrolysis electrolysis rently used with the with the TOMORROW, Hydrogen could contribute to decarbonation: method) European French electric mix electric mix OF TRANSPORT OF INDUSTRY Either 20% of actual emissions By making new processes possible. For example, the substitution of blast furnaces. In addition to electric mobility. For by direct reduction furnaces . example, on diesel rail lines that do not have enough traffic to be electrified. 4 MITEI’s 2019 Spring Symposium
2. COMPETITIVENESS OF ELECTROLYTIC HYDROGEN 5
Les différentes technologies d’électrolyse Different electrolysis technologies Technical features Advantages & Inconveniences Alkaline • Potassium hydroxide electrolyte (KOH) ┼ Commercial technology, lowest investment costs today 6 MW Alkaline TRL _ 9 • Efficiency: 65 – 70% HHV (no noble metals) electrolyser system • Temperature : 60~80°C ┼ Large H2 production capacity (large surface of cells) (McPhy ex. • Pressure: 1 – 30 bars ┼ Long and tested service life-span > 80,000 h Enertrag) – AUDI • Flexibility, Pmin = 20 to 40% of P2G plant Wertle Pnom ─ Limited flexibility and reactivity • Reactivity: less than a min. in ─ Limited current density (0.2 to 0.4 A/cm²) = large warm strat footprint § Electrolyte polymère PEM § Rendement : 70 – 80% pcs • Proton exhange polymer 300 kW PEM TRL _ 8/9 § Température : 50~60°C electrolyte ┼ Flexibility and high reactivity (0% - 100% Pmax) electrolyser system § Pression: 1 – 30 bar (200 bar • Efficiency: 70 - 80% HHV. ┼ High current density (up to 2 A/cm²) (ITM) - Stadwerke possible) • Temperature: 50~60°C Thüga Frankfort § • Pressure: 1 - 30 bar (200 bar Flexibilité, Pmin : 0 – 5%Pnom - CAPEX higher than alkaline à Noble metals (platinum, possible) iridium, ruthenium) • Flexibility, Pmin = 0 to 5% of Pnom - Limited lifetime: 40,000 h on baseload § Electrolyte céramique § Rendement : 75 – 95% pcs SOEC • Solid oxide ionic conductor ┼ Yield > alkaline and pem 150 kW SOE § Température : 750 - 850°C TRL _ 5/6 electrolyte ┼ CAPEX of the same order of magnitude as alkaline in electrolyser system § Pression : 1 bar (30 bar démontrés • Efficiency: 75 - 95% HHV. the long term >> absence of noble metals echelle cellule) (Sunfire) – US Navy • Temperature: 750 - 850°C ┼ Production synergy with fuel cells to accelerate the § Cellule (matériaux et architecture) with Boeing • Pressure: 1 bar (30 bar learning curve identique aux piles à combustible California demonstrated at cell level) ─ No field return over the lifetime. 23,000 hours cell céramique (SOFC) • Cell (materials and architecture) lifetime validated in the laboratory. identical to ceramic fuel cells ─ Flexibility and limited reactivity (same as alkaline) 6 (SOFCs) MITEI’s 2019 Spring Symposium
Decarbonizing Hydrogen … & remaining competitive Towards 3 €/kg Hydrogen Price Investment O&M O&M conditioning Le Levie viers Values Va Cost im Co impac act Re Remarks Electricity 60 €/MWh à - 1 €/kg Spot market / self- price 40 €/MWh consumption... Ability to modulate Technology / 75 % HHV à - 0.8 €/kg High Temperature Efficiency 95% HHV Electrolysis with on- site heat supplying Technology / 1000 €/kW à - 0.5 €/kg High capacity MW CAPEX 600 €/kW systems ü Parameters keys of hydrogen cost à Distance production – consumption à Production volume à à Electricity price(OPEX) à Annual operation time duration (CAPEX) à Cost of Heart of cell system (CAPEX) à Energy efficiency 7 MITEI’s 2019 Spring Symposium
The affiliation of H2 production to a dedicated ENR production is interesting if there is a sharp fall of electrolyzer’s production costs Full production cost of an electrolyser (as a final output) Solar in the Atacama Desert: CAPEX Electrolyser 3 €/kg • 2600 hours of 800 €/kW sunshine • 20 €/MWh of With CAPEX at 500 €/kW : LCOE 2.5 €/kg Offshore wind turbine in the North CAPEX Sea: Electrolyser • 4500 operating 3,5 €/kg 800 €/kW hours • 50 €/MWh of LCOE Limitations encountered 1) VARIABILITY OF RENEWABLE ENERGY Number of operating hours of limited Impacts on the profitability of the Unattractive to lower hydrogen ENRs electrolyser's CAPEX production costs 2) TRANSPORT OVER-COST Increase in the cost of production at the Possible additional transport costs linked to the geographical end of the electrolyser location of the production site if it is isolated (example: Atacama desert ) But if this decarbonated hydrogen is used locally and at an attractive cost: 8 decarbonation of local uses without any particular additional cost. MITEI’s 2019 Spring Symposium
3. DEVELOPMENT OF A CARBON- FREE HYDROGEN OFFER 9
EDF's vision and ambition: Investing in hydrogen to reduce CO2 emissions in the economy HYDROGEN EDF GROUP H2 OFFER Building an H2 offer and creating Decarbonize the two most CO2-emitting EDF, a key player in the energy and industrial and commercial sectors of the economy : transition and a low-carbon energy tool for the group leader INDUSTRY MOBILITY SE SELECTED CO COUNTRIES Small and medium industries Heavy PROJETS FROM 0,5 TO 2 MW On-site hydrogen production to § Trains MOBILITY replace bottles INDUSTRY § Waste trucks § Bus Large industries § Fluvial PROJETS FROM 20 TO 100 MW Light Reduce CO2 emissions from high energy and hydrogen Light vehicle fleets, consuming sectors related to industrial projects 10 MITEI’s 2019 Spring Symposium
The Hydrogen Supply Chain: From Production to consumption Oxygen is evacuated LOW-CARBON SOLUTION Low-carbon production and on site Hydrogen is reinjected • Production via water electrolysis • Production station as close as possible to consumption Low-carbon electricity Water electrolysis Carbon-based and centralized production H2 Storage Distribution • Production based on steam methane reforming • H2 plant and truck delivery to Usages the place of consumption. Gas reforming / by-product hydrogen Delivery 11 MITEI’s 2019 Spring Symposium
4. EDF’S EXPERTISE IN THE HYDROGEN DOMAIN & R&D CHALLENGES 12
Quelques projets d’EDF dans l’hydrogène Few Hydrogen projects within EDF Group Captive fleets and electrolyzers on site CO 2 -free H 2 for reducing the steel industry CO 2 foot print - 2017 Site of « la Nouvelle », surrounding the Site of the Mafate micro-grid experimentation 13 Exemples of micro grid 100% ENR MITEI’s 2019 Spring Symposium
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