CREATING AN ULTRA LOW EMISSION LONDON Anna-Maria Spyriouni Senior EU Policy Officer anna-maria.spyriouni@london.gov.uk
1952
TODAY
HISTORIC POLLUTION
TRENDS IN POLLUTION NO 2 NO 2 2010 trend 2000- 2015 NO 2 2013 PM 10 trend 2004- NO 2 2015 2015 7
HEALTH AND EQUALITIES Health • We estimate an equivalent of up to around 9,400 deaths were caused by long-term exposure to air pollution. • A baby born in 2010 and exposed to that same level of air quality for its entire life would lose 2.2 years (if male) and 2 years (if female) of life expectancy. Fairness • The health impacts associated with air pollution fall disproportionally on our most vulnerable communities, affecting the poorest and those from minority ethnic groups more acutely. • Tackling air pollution is about social justice and there is an urgent need to do more to tackle public health inequalities. Legal compliance • Like most major European cities, London does not meet the legal requirements for some pollutants (mainly Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) but issues remain with Particulate Matter).
NO 2 – A EUROPE WIDE CHALLENGE
DIESEL CARS
NO 2 CHALLENGE IN 2013 Legal limit
NO 2 CHALLENGE IN 2025 Legal limit
NO X EMISSIONS IN 2013 Van and Minibus Resuspension River 6% <1% 1% Other Rail 3% 1% Aviation 8% Domestic and Motorcycle Commercial other Fuels Petrol Car <1% 3% 6% Diesel Car 12% Gas - Domestic 12% Road transport 50% Gas - Non- HGV TfL Bus Domestic 11% 10% 8% Industry 7% Taxi 2% Non-TfL Bus and Coach Non Road Mobile 3% Machinery 7%
PARTICULATE MATTER • London has met legal requirements for PM 10 since 2011. However, it remains a localised issue requiring a targeted approach.
PM 2.5 EMISSIONS IN 2013 Resuspension River 2% Aviation 1% 2% Rail 2% Domestic and Other Commercial 8% Petrol Car other Fuels 14% 4% Gas - Diesel Car Domestic Road transport 17% Van and 3% 55% Minibus Gas - Non- 10% Domestic 2% HGV 6% TfL Bus Industry 3% 6% Taxi Motorcycle 3% 1% Non Road Mobile Non-TfL Bus and Machinery Coach 15% 1%
PARTICULATE MATTER – NON-EXHAUST EMISSIONS 100% 90% 80% e of PM 10 emissions 70% 60% 50% 40% ercentag 30% P 20% 10% 0% Motorcycle Car T axi LGV HGV Bus and TOT AL Coach Vehicle type Exhuast Tyre and brake wear
A GAME OF TWO HALVES… ‘Clean’ Motorised Transport + Reduce Demand For It
New double decks will be hybrid, hydrogen or electric from 2018; all single decks will be zero emission at tailpipe in central in 2020
Zero Emission Capable (ZEC) licencing requirements for taxis and PHVs from 2018 and 2020, achieving a fully ZEC fleet by 2033
LOW EMISSION ZONE
ULTRA LOW EMISSION ZONE ULTRA LOW EMISSION ZONE 24/7 Euro VI (<6yrs old in 2020) ...or £100 / € 115 a day Euro 4 petrol (<13-14yrs old in 2020) Euro 6 diesel (<4-5yrs old in 2020) ...or £12.50 / €14.3 a day Euro 3 (<13yrs old in 2020) Exempt but new ... or £12.50 / €14.3 a day licensing requirements
NEW ULEZ PROPOSALS
ELECTRIC VEHICLE UPTAKE 2020 baseline
ELECTRIC VEHICLE UPTAKE 2025 baseline
S U P P O R T I N G I N F R A S T R U C T U R E Unlocking the switch to electric vehicles depends on the provision of suitable charging infrastructure. A variety of different infrastructure solutions are needed to support the uptake of electric vehicles: Rapid charging at key on- Top-up/destination charging street locations, air ports, On-street residential charging at supermarkets, public car and train stations for taxis, for those who do not have parks, and on-street PHVs, and commercial access to a garage or off- locations, for charging on the vehicles who need to street charge point, for go and providing charging overnight and while charge up quickly with reassurance against range minimal interruption to their the vehicle is parked for longer anxiety. duty cycle. periods. 1,400 installed as part c. 66% of Londoners have no 300 are planned for of Source London but access to off-street parking; delivery by 2020 but many more are around £8 million in funding finding locations and needed delivery is challenging
NON-TRANSPORT MEASURES AQ Neutral Positive? Retrofit Construction programmes Mayor’s AQ Fund Local measures Health measures
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