Vehicle Technologies Program Patrick B. Davis Focus on the Future Vehicle Technologies Program Transportation Research Conference Manager Program Name or Ancillary Text eere.energy.gov
The Changing DOE / Auto Industry Relationship Pre - 2008 • Largely an R&D role focused on spurring innovation. Also supported regulatory actions – Activity predates formation of DOE in 1977 – Partnerships: PNGV, FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership – R&D that helps identify regulatory limits 2008 and Beyond • Key Responsibilities added – R&D Budget increased 75% – $25B Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing (ATVM) Loan Program – Recovery Act: $2.8B in grants supporting manufacturing and vehicle/infrastructure demonstration – ARPA-e – Loan Guarantee Program Vehicle Technologies Program eere.energy.gov
U.S. Petroleum Production and Consumption, 1970-2035 U.S. Vehicle Market • 240 million vehicles on the road • Approximately 9M new cars & light trucks for 2009. Average is 15.7 M/yr 2002-2007 • Hybrid vehicles now ~3% of sales • 13 Million cars and light trucks taken out of use per year • 11.5 Million barrels of oil per day consumed by on-road vehicles Vehicle Technologies Program eere.energy.gov
Analysis Informs Strategy GHG Emissions and Petroleum Consumption by Vehicle Technology 500 GHG Emissions (g CO2 ‐ eq / mi) Petroleum Consumption (gal gas ‐ eq / mi) 0.040 450 Reference Vehicle GHG vehicle GHG Vehicle GHG 400 0.035 emissions: emissions fall emissions fall 430 g CO2eq /mi into 3 major Petroleum Consumption (gal gasoline ‐ eq / mi) into 3 major 350 Lifecycle GHG emissions (g CO2 eq / mi) 0.030 groups: groups: • Conventional • Conventional 300 • Electric ‐ drive • Electric ‐ drive 0.025 • Combination • Combination 50% reduction 250 electric ‐ drive + electric ‐ drive + fromreference biofuel 0.020 biofuel vehicle GHG emissions: 200 215 g CO2eq /mi Petroleum Petroleum 0.015 consumption 150 consumption loosely mirrors loosely mirrors 0.010 GHG emissions GHG emissions 100 0.005 50 0 0.000 Adv SI EV Ref SI Adv CI SI HEV SI PHEV10 SI PHEV40 CI HEV CI PHEV10 CI PHEV40 FC HEV E85 HEV PHEV10 PHEV40 E85 E85 Vehicle Technologies Program eere.energy.gov
Mission, Goals, Targets & Budget Mission: Develop clean highway transportation technologies to enable America to use less petroleum and lower greenhouse gas emissions Distribution of Funding Vehicle Technologies Budget Trend Federal 2% Consortia 10% 325 311 University 3% Million Dollars 267 300 208 184 200 Industry Efficiency reduces oil use and CO2 emissions 34% 100 National Labs 0 49% FY11 FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10 Request OEMs 2% Vehicle Technologies Program -1- eere.energy.gov
Hybrid-Electric Systems Petroleum Displacement through Fuel Substitution and Improved Efficiency Goal: 1 Million PHEVs by 2015 Types of Vehicles and Benefits Battery Cost Reduction • Cell materials & fabrication represents Toyota Prius 50 MPG HEV about 3/4 the cost for PHEV batteries • For significant cost reduction, new materials Chevy Volt with increased energy density are needed to ~100 MPGe PHEV reduce: - material needs Nissan Leaf All - cell count, and EV Electric - cell/pack hardware Status and Targets Targets 2009 Status $ / kWhr Status: $800-$1000 2014 PHEV : $300 / / kWhr kWhr 2015 PEEM : Cost for Status: Current cost elec. traction system of the electric no greater than traction system is $12/kW peak by 2015 $40/kW Vehicle Technologies Program -4- eere.energy.gov
Advanced Combustion Engine R&D Increasing engine efficiency is one of the most cost-effective approaches to increasing fuel economy R&D Focus Benefits All Vehicle Classes Advanced Combustion Regimes (HCCI / low Cars temp combustion) • Diesel-like efficiency Light-Duty Trucks 25-40% • Complex combustion modeling Improvement • Computational fluid dynamics engine models Emissions Control Technologies Class 2b-8 Heavy-Duty • Improve NOx catalyst conversion efficiency Up to 50% • Develop on-board diagnostics and sensors Improvement Waste Heat Recovery – Mechanical and Targets Thermoelectric Devices 2015 Passenger Vehicle: Improve gasoline vehicle fuel economy by 25% and diesel vehicle • Increase practical fuel economy by 40%; compared to 2009 baseline conversion 2015 Commercial Engine: Improve commercial engine efficiency by more than 20%; compared to efficiency 2009 baseline • Increase durability 2015 HEV & PHEV Improvements: Could provide >70 MPG HEV “Support improved mileage performance of internal combustion engines…” – Secretary of Energy Steven Chu Vehicle Technologies Program -5- eere.energy.gov
Advanced & Alternative Fuels Direct Displacement of Petroleum and Enabling Advanced Engine Technology Ethanol “Blend Wall” is approximately 11-15 billion gallons per year with E10 Targets 2009 Status R&D Focus 2009: Intermediate 2011 Target: Have answer on viability of blends testing on- Performance of legacy vehicles on E15 and B20 track to finish 2010. intermediate ethanol blends 2009: Approximately •Durability, driveability, and materials 2022 Target: 10.5 billion gallons of compatibility for vehicles, small engines, and Attainment of RFS II renewables used infrastructure mandate – 36 B gallons/year 950 Honda E85 Optimized FFV Engines – Increase use Generator 900 of E85 by decreasing the fuel economy Exhaust Port Temperature (C) Honda penalty of ethanol 850 Generator (used) •Eliminate half of energy content penalty by Briggs and 800 Stratton Generator taking advantage of higher octane 750 Kohler Generator •Utilizing turbo-charging, variable valve timing, 700 No E15 data for used Honda Stihl Line direct injection, and compression ratio increase Trimmer 650 to achieve 15% increase in fuel efficiency with Poulan 600 Blower E85 550 New Engine Trendline 500 E0 E10 E15 E20 Vehicle Technologies Program -6- eere.energy.gov
Materials Development Vehicle lightweighting is one of the most cost effective ways of reducing fuel consumption resulting in a 6-8% improvement in fuel economy with every 10% reduction in vehicle weight Types of Materials and Benefits Body/Chassis Weight Reduction of 50% Possible Magnesium 100% 16.5 25-35% Lighter than a Other 22 28.5 80% Aluminum Engine Block 38.5 Powertrain 60% 44 Carbon Fiber 50.5 40% 22.5 50-60% Lighter than a 17 Chassis Standard Steel Body in White 20% 10.5 22.5 17 Body 10.5 0% Targets and Status Baseline 75% 50% Weight Reduction 2010 Target: 2009 Status: • Through weight decompounding only 20- Cost-effectively Modeling demonstrated 25% of primary weight reduction required reduce the weight of that body and chassis • Key Materials: Carbon fiber, Mg alloys, weight reduction goal of passenger vehicle body and chassis by high strength steel 40% could be achieved, 50% in high volume but not at cost parity . applications compared to 2002 vehicles. * * Hypothetical Distribution Weight Decompounding is an iterative solution: Lower overall weight reduces the engine size required, which in turn reduces weight, which in turn allows the vehicle structure to be reduced, etc. Vehicle Technologies Program -7- eere.energy.gov
Outreach and Deployment Providing a new generation of engineers with knowledge/skills in advanced vehicle technologies Advanced Vehicle Competitions Since 1987, DOE has sponsored more than two Improving the speed and scale of dozen university-level market penetration for alternative competitions, providing fuel vehicles and infrastructure engineering students an Focus opportunity to conduct hands-on research and • Petroleum & Emissions Reduction development. EcoCAR has 17 teams pursuing a • Vehicles and Infrastructure variety of advanced vehicle technologies • Education and Outreach • Economic Opportunities Unique Assets Graduate Automotive Training Education • Local Strategy Advances Nat. Goal Eight Centers of Excellence • Coordinators University of California-Davis, Virginia Tech, Pennsylvania • Coalitions State University, The Ohio State University, University of • Technical Information/Resources Michigan-Dearborn, University of Tennessee, University of www.fueleconomy.gov Illinois, Champaign-Urbana, University of Alabama- Birmingham http://www.afdc.energy.gov/afdc/ Vehicle Technologies Program -9- eere.energy.gov
Recovery Act : $2.8 Billion www.recovery.gov $1.5 Billion in funding to SuperTruck and Advanced Facilities and Equipment accelerate the Upgrade up to $105 Million: User Combustion R&D $104.4 manufacturing and Centers, offer expert staff and unique Million Solicitation deployment of the next equipment capabilities that no one generation of U.S. batteries industrial entity can afford to maintain. - Demonstrate a 50% $500 Million in funding for improvement in freight efficiency electric-drive components by 2015 in Class 8, long haul manufacturing trucks $400 Million in funding for transportation electrification Recovery Act will fund 48 new projects in advanced battery and electric drive components manufacturing and electric drive vehicle deployment in over 20 states Clean Cities: Petroleum Displacement through Alt Fuel Vehicles and Expanded Alternative Fuel Infrastructure Vehicle Technologies Program eere.energy.gov
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