1540 Committee UNSC Resolution 1540 Overview ESDC Course on non-proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and their means of delivery (BAKS, Germany – FCO, United Kingdom – IHEDN, France) Brussels, Belgium, 1 st February 2012
Outline Key facts about resolution 1540 Functioning Accomplishments Way forward Slide 2
Key facts about resolution 1540 - A response to the risk that non-State actors may acquire, develop, traffic in or use nuclear, chemical or biological weapons and their means of delivery - Adopted 28 April 2004 by the UNSC at the unanimity of its members and followed by UNSCR 1673 (2006), 1810 (2008), 1977 (2011) Slide 3
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Key facts about resolution 1540 - Covers nuclear, chemical and biological weapons and their means of delivery, as well as related materials - Related materials: materials, equipment and technology covered by relevant treaties and arrangements, or included on national control lists, which could be used for weapons of mass destruction purposes Slide 5
Key facts about resolution 1540 - All States shall refrain from providing any form of support to non-State actors that attempt to develop, acquire, manufacture, possess, transport, transfer or use nuclear, chemical or biological weapons and their means of delivery Resolution 1540, operative paragraph 1 Slide 6
Key facts about resolution 1540 All States, in accordance with their national - procedures, shall adopt and enforce appropriate effective laws which prohibit any non-State actors to manufacture, acquire, possess, develop, transport, transfer or use nuclear, chemical or biological weapons and their means of delivery, in particular for terrorist purposes, as well as attempts to engage in any of the foregoing activities, participate in them as accomplice, assist or finance them Resolution 1540, operative paragraph 2 Slide 7
Key facts about resolution 1540 All States shall take and enforce effective measures to establish - domestic controls to prevent the proliferation of nuclear, chemical, or biological weapons and their means of delivery, including by establishing appropriate controls over related materials and to this end shall : - develop and maintain appropriate effective measures to account for and secure items in production, use, storage or transport - develop and maintain appropriate effective physical protection measures Resolution 1540, operative paragraph 3 (a) and (b) Slide 8
Key facts about resolution 1540 - All States shall take and enforce effective measures to establish domestic controls to prevent the proliferation of nuclear, chemical, or biological weapons and their means of delivery, including by establishing appropriate controls over related materials and to this end shall : - develop and maintain appropriate effective border controls and law enforcement efforts to detect, deter, prevent and combat the illicit trafficking and brokering in such items - establish… effective national export and trans- shipment controls.. Including to control export, ttransit, trans-shipment and re-export.. and controls Resolution 1540, operative paragraph 3 (c) and (d) Slide 9
Key facts about resolution 1540 Assistance and capacity-building : - the Security Council recognizes that some States may require assistance in implementing the resolution, while others might be in a position to offer assistance in response to specific requests to the States lacking the legal and regulatory infrastructure, implementation experience and/or resources (Resolution 1540, OP 7) - [the Security Council] urges the 1540 Committee to continue strengthening the Committee’s role in facilitating technical assistance for implementation of resolution 1540, in particular by engaging actively, with the support of the group of experts, in matching offers and requests for assistance, through such means as visits to States, at the invitation of the State concerned, assistance templates, action plans and other information submitted to the Committee (Resolution 1977, OP 15) Slide 10
Key facts about resolution 1540 Cooperation with IROs: - [ the Security Council] encourages relevant international, regional and sub-regional organizations to enhance cooperation and information sharing with the 1540 Committee on technical assistance and all other issues of relevance for the implementation of resolution 1540 (Resolution 1977, OP 18) - [the Security Council] calls upon relevant IROs to designate and provide the 1540 Committee with a point of contact or coordinator for the implementation of resolution 1540 (Resolution 1977, OP 18) Slide 11
Key facts about resolution 1540 Transparency: - “Transparency is an essential principle guiding the work and activities of the 1540 Committee, contributing to enhance confidence, to foster greater cooperation, and to help States, relevant IROs, as well as the civil society and the private sector to be better informed about issues relevant to resolution 1540, which facilitates implementation of the resolution by States” (2011 Annual Review on the implementation of resolution, adopted 31 January 2012) - [the Security Council] requests the 1540 Committee to continue to institute transparency measures and activities, inter alia by making fullest possible use of the Committee’s website (Resolution 1977, OP 20) Slide 12
Functioning - 1540 Committee, subsidiary body of the UN Security Council with a ten-years mandate since resolution 1977 (2011) - Chairman: H.E. Mr Baso Sangqu (South Africa) Vice-Chairmen: Azerbaijan, Portugal, UK - - Members of the Committee: Azerbaijan, China, Colombia, France, Germany, Guatemala, India, Morocco, Pakistan, Portugal, Russian Federation, South Africa, Togo, UK, US Slide 13
Functioning - Four working groups open to all members of the Committee: Monitoring and national implementation (Coordinator: - Germany) Assistance (Coordinator: France) - Cooperation with IROs including 1267 and 1373 Committees - (Interim Coordinator: South Africa) Transparency and Media Outreach (Coordinator: US) - Slide 14
Functioning - Support to the 1540 Committee by: - Experts (a “group of up to 8 experts” to be established under resolution 1977). Five experts as at 1 st February 2012 - The UN Secretariat, in particular the Office for Disarmament Affairs and the Department for Political Affairs Resolution 1977 offers new perspectives and - opportunities to enhance and strengthen the support provided to the 1540 Committee Slide 15
Accomplishments - Wide acceptation of resolution 1540, recognized as a platform for cooperation Demonstrated actions by States to implement the - resolution Increasing role played by relevant IROs - - Active and transparent role by the 1540 Committee, including on facilitation of assistance Slide 16
Accomplishments / Reporting Cape Verde Central African Republic Non-reporting States Chad Comoros Congo (Republic of) Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Equatorial Guinea Gambia Guinea Guinea Bissau Haiti Lesotho Liberia Malawi As at 1 st February 2012 Mali Mauritania Mozambique Sao Tome and Principe Solomon Islands Somalia South Soudan Swaziland Timor-Leste Slide 17 Zambia Zimbabwe
Accomplishments / Implementation 60 60 Member States Number of UN Member States 40 Number of UN 40 20 20 0 30 60 90 150 180 210 240 270 300 313 0 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 313 0 0 Number of Fields with Measures Number of Fields with Measures 2008 2011 Slide 18
Accomplishments / Assistance - In October 2010, the 1540 Committee adopted new procedures to improve and accelerate response to assistance requests and facilitate match-making. As a result, assistance requests are now distributed to potential providers of assistance within one week after it is received by the Committee; Frequent updating of the compendium of assistance - requests and circulation to assistance providers Increased dialogue of the Committee with assistance - providers (i.e. participation in G8’s GPWG meetings) Slide 19
Accomplishments / IROs In the past 12 months, activities/interactions of different - natures and scopes with IROs such as: ASEAN, AU, BWC-ISU, CARICOM, CICA, CIS, CSTO, - CTED, CTITF (*), EAEC, FAO, FATF, GCC, G8 Global Partnership Working Group, Hague Code of Conduct, ICAO, IAEA, INTERPOL, LAS, MTCR, NATO, OAS, OIE, OPCW, OSCE, PIF, SCO, SICA, UN Regional centres for Disarmament, UNDP, UNDPA (**), UNDPI, UNHCR, UNICRI, UNODA (**), UNODC, UNODC, UNRCCA, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, Zangger Committee • (*) The “1540 Committee expert staff” (CTITF terminology) is one of the UN CTITF (Counter Terrorism Implementation Task Force) entities. • (**) UNODA and DPA provide support to the Committee and its experts. Slide 20
Accomplishments / IROs Some regional organizations have designated a - coordinator/point of contact to facilitate implementation of resolution 1540 by States and cooperation with the 1540 Committee: Caribbean region: regional Coordinator for CARICOM • (November 2009) Central America: regional Coordinator for SICA States • (June 2011) OSCE region: 1540 Adviser (September 2010) • Some others under consideration? • Slide 21
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