Biological Risk Management and Biological Risk Management and - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Biological Risk Management and Biological Risk Management and United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540 United Nations Security Council Resolution 1540 Dana Perkins, PhD Dana Perkins, PhD 1540 Committee Expert 1540 Committee Expert American Association for the Advancement of Science American Association for the Advancement of Science 18 October 2013, Washington, DC 18 October 2013, Washington, DC Unless otherwise specified, the opinions presented here are those of the presenter and may not necessarily reflect the views of the 1540 Committee, its Group of Experts, or the UN Security Council

Legally binding obligations on all States under Resolution 1540 Legally binding obligations on all States under Resolution 1540 (2004), to: (2004), to: Refrain from providing any form Implement and enforce appropriate controls of support to non-State actors over related materials related materials in order to: that attempt to develop, acquire, manufacture, possess, transport, � Account for and secure Account for and secure items in production, transfer or use nuclear, chemical use, storage or transport; or biological weapons biological weapons and their � Physically protect; Physically protect; means of delivery � Detect, deter, prevent and combat the illicit Detect, deter, prevent and combat the illicit Adopt and enforce appropriate trafficking and brokering through effective trafficking and brokering effective laws prohibiting border controls an law enforcement efforts; activities involving the � Control the export, transit, trans Control the export, transit, trans- -shipment shipment proliferation of such weapons and re- and re -export and the provision of funds export and the provision of funds and their means of delivery to and services and services related to such export and non- -State actors, in particular for State actors, in particular for non trans-shipment that would contribute to terrorist purposes, as well any terrorist purposes proliferation; attempts to engage in such activities, assist or finance them � Penalize violations Penalize violations. Resolution 1540 (2004) Adopted under Chapter VII of UN Charter: Resolution 1540 (2004) Adopted under Chapter VII of UN Charter: A Response to Threats to Peace and Security A Response to Threats to Peace and Security

• Means of delivery: Means of delivery: missiles, rockets and other • unmanned systems capable of delivering nuclear, unmanned systems chemical, or biological weapons, that are specially Visit of 1540 expert at the Volpentest HAMMER Training designed for such use and Education Center, 5-7 Feb 2013, Richland, USA • Non Non- -State actor: State actor: individual or entity • individual or entity, not acting under the lawful authority of any State in conducting activities which come within the scope of this resolution US NIH Biosafety and Bicocontainment Training Program- Dana Perkins personal photo • Related materials: Related materials: materials, equipment and technology • covered by relevant multilateral treaties and arrangements, or , or covered by relevant multilateral treaties and arrangements included on national control lists, which could be used for the design, included on national control lists development, production or use of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons and their means of delivery Definitions for the purpose of resolution 1540 (2004) Definitions for the purpose of resolution 1540 (2004)

“Two R-400A bombs photographed by UNSCOM inspectors at Murasana Airfield near the Al Walid Airbase in late 1991 bearing the markings indicating they were to be filled with botulinum toxin…”- http://www.fas.org/irp/cia/product/Iraq_Oct_2002.pdf http://www.unog.ch/80256EE600585943/(httpPages)/29B727532FECBE96C12571860035A6DB?OpenDocument Anthrax Leahy Letter Powder: Gruinard Island: Site of British anthrax experiment during WWII Anthrax cultures: CDC/Dr. James Feeley, Public Health Image Library #1165 FBI (public domain) Source: http://www.gifte.de/gruinard_island_bild01.htm Illustrative Example Illustrative Example

• Resolution 1540 (2004) imposes obligations under Chapter VII to deal with the threat to peace and security posed inter alia by links between terrorism, non-State actors and WMDs • The Security Council has encouraged States to unilaterally define terrorism in national law While not expressly framed as a definition, the Security Council recalls that the following acts are never justifiable : “. . . criminal acts, including against civilians, committed with the intent to cause death or serious bodily injury, or taking of hostages, with the purpose to provoke a state of terror in the general public or in a group of persons or particular persons, intimidate a population or compel a government or an international organization to do or to abstain from doing any act, which constitute offences within the scope of and as defined in the international conventions and protocols relating to terrorism…” and “calls upon all States to prevent such acts…”– Security Council resolution 1566 (2004) Resolution 1540 (2004) and anti- -terrorism provisions terrorism provisions Resolution 1540 (2004) and anti

Excerpts from the Philippines National report to the 1540 Committee, 02 July 2013 Anti- Anti -terrorism provisions and terrorism provisions and biosecurity biosecurity in national reports to the 1540 Committee in national reports to the 1540 Committee

“[Security Council] calls upon States to renew and calls upon States to renew and fulfill their commitment to multilateral cooperation, fulfill their commitment to multilateral cooperation in particular within the framework of the International Atomic Energy Agency, the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons and the Biological and Toxin Weapons Biological and Toxin Weapons Convention, as important means of pursuing and Convention achieving their common objectives in the area of non-proliferation and of promoting international cooperation for peaceful purposes… [and] Security Council Meets on Non- Security Council Meets on Non -Proliferation of Proliferation of WMDs WMDs UN Photo: Eskinder UN Photo: Eskinder Debebe Debebe, 28 April 2004 , 28 April 2004 promote the universal adoption and full promote the universal adoption and full i m p l e m e n t a t i o n , an d, w h er e necessa r y, i m p l e m e n t a t i o n , an d, w h er e necessa r y, strengthening of multilateral treaties to which they strengthening of multilateral treaties are parties, whose aim is to prevent the proliferation of nuclear, biological or chemical weapons” – Security Council Resolution 1540 (2004) BWC and resolution 1540 (2004) are mutually reinforcing BWC and resolution 1540 (2004) are mutually reinforcing

[BWC States Parties] noted that “ information provided to information provided to the United Nations by states in the United Nations by states in accordance with Resolution accordance with Resolution 1540 may provide a useful 1540 may provide a useful resource for States Parties in resource for States Parties in fulfilling their obligations fulfilling their obligations u n d e r t his A rticle [ 4] ” – Final Declaration of BWC States Parties The Seventh Review Conference of the Biological Weapons Conventi The Seventh Review Conference of the Biological Weapons Convention, on, at the 7th Review Conference 5- 5 -22 December 2011 22 December 2011 , Photo: Dana Perkins Photo: Dana Perkins BWC and resolution 1540 (2004) are mutually reinforcing BWC and resolution 1540 (2004) are mutually reinforcing

The 1540 Committee was invited for the first time to pr e sent in the BWC plenary, proving the 1540 presentation at the BWC MX, 15 August 2013 / Photo: James Revill C h a i r ’ s m o t t o o f “ bringing in more voices ” t o t h e B W C f o r u m Current and former 1540 experts at the 2013 BWC MX / Photo: Lela Bakanidze BWC Meeting of Experts, 12- -16 August 2013 16 August 2013 BWC Meeting of Experts, 12

http://www.unog.ch/80256EDD006B8954/(httpAssets)/4FCA57B69503A1DCC1257BF2003B4A6A/$file/Advance-BWC_MSP_2013_MX_3-report.pdf Report of the 2013 BWC Meeting of Experts Report of the 2013 BWC Meeting of Experts

“… “…Global cooperation in upholding resolution 1540 is vital in preventing WMD proliferation and terrorism. I appreciate the Security Council 1540 Committee’s contributions to this great cause. Participants at the nuclear security summit, both in Washington D.C. and Seoul, have expressed overwhelming support for the work of this resolution. Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon, remarks at event on "Preventing the Proliferation The United Nations and its Member States of Weapons of Mass Destruction to Non- State Actors : The Implementation of are working hard to ensure that weapons of Resolution 1540 (2004) in the Arab World“ , hosted by the Permanent Mission of Saudi mass destruction are never used again by Arabia to the United Nations, 22 April 2013 anyone, anywhere…” …” http://www.unmultimedia.org/radio/english/2013/04/the-possibility- that-terrorist-groups-could-obtain-weapons-of-mass-destruction- should-not-be-dismissed-as-a-fiction-ban/