SoC SoC Design SoC SoC Design Design Design Lecture Lecture 1 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

SoC SoC Design SoC SoC Design Design Design Lecture Lecture 1 1: Introduction : Introduction Shaahin Hessabi Shaahin Hessabi Department of Computer Engineering Department of Computer Engineering Department of Computer Engineering Department of Computer Engineering Sharif University of Technology Sharif University of Technology

System System -on on- -Chip Chip � System: a set of related parts that act as a whole to achieve System: a set of related parts that act as a whole to achieve a given goal. a given goal. � A system is a set of interacting components, which has A system is a set of interacting components, which has inputs and outputs, and exhibits specific behavior. inputs and outputs, and exhibits specific behavior. � Behavior: a function that translates inputs into outputs Behavior: a function that translates inputs into outputs � System: an entity consisting of hardware and software System: an entity consisting of hardware and software � Hardware: high speed, low power consumption, less price H Hardware: high speed, low power consumption, less price H d d hi h hi h d l d l ti ti l l i i (probably) (probably) � Software: flexibility, ease of modification and upgrade Software: flexibility, ease of modification and upgrade y, y, pg pg � Hardware system: a system whose physical components Hardware system: a system whose physical components are electronic blocks are electronic blocks � Analog Analog � Digital Digital � Mixed signal Mi Mixed signal Mi d i d i l l Slide Slide 2 2 of of 32 32 Sharif University of Technology SoC: Introduction

Digital vs. Analog Systems Digital vs. Analog Systems � The critical advantage of digital systems is their ability to � The critical advantage of digital systems is their ability to The critical advantage of digital systems is their ability to The critical advantage of digital systems is their ability to deal with electrical signals that have been degraded. deal with electrical signals that have been degraded. � Due to the discrete nature of the outputs, a slight variation in an Due to the discrete nature of the outputs, a slight variation in an input is still interpreted correctly. input is still interpreted correctly. � In In analog analog circuits, a slight error at the input generates an circuits, a slight error at the input generates an error at the output. error at the output. t th t th t t t t � The simplest form of a digital system is binary. The simplest form of a digital system is binary. � A A bi A binary signal binary signal is bi i i l i l is modeled i modeled as taking on only two discrete d l d d l d as taking on only two discrete t ki t ki l t l t di di t t values ( values (0 0 or or 1 1, LOW or HIGH, False or True). , LOW or HIGH, False or True). Slide Slide 3 3 of of 32 32 Sharif University of Technology SoC: Introduction

Advantages of Digital Systems Advantages of Digital Systems High noise immunity High noise immunity 1. 1. Adjustable precision Adjustable precision Adjustable precision Adjustable precision 2 2. 2. Less sensitivity to variations in components and Less sensitivity to variations in components and 3. 3. environmental parameters (especially temperature) environmental parameters (especially temperature) environmental parameters (especially temperature) environmental parameters (especially temperature) Ease of design ( � automation) and fabrication, and Ease of design ( automation) and fabrication, and 4. 4. therefore, low cost therefore, low cost therefore, low cost therefore, low cost Better reliability Better reliability 5. 5. Less need to calibration and maintenance Less need to calibration and maintenance Less need to calibration and maintenance Less need to calibration and maintenance 6. 6. 6 Ease of diagnosis and repair Ease of diagnosis and repair 7. 7. Easy to duplicate similar circuits Easy to duplicate similar circuits Easy to duplicate similar circuits Easy to duplicate similar circuits 8. 8. 8 Easily controllable by computer Easily controllable by computer 9. 9. Slide Slide 4 4 of of 32 32 Sharif University of Technology SoC: Introduction

Disadvantages of Digital Systems Disadvantages of Digital Systems Lower speed Lower speed 1. 1. N N Need analog to digital (A/D) and digital to analog (D/A) Need analog to digital (A/D) and digital to analog (D/A) d d l l t t di it l (A/D) di it l (A/D) d di it l t d di it l t l l (D/A) (D/A) 2. 2. converters to communicate with real world; therefore, converters to communicate with real world; therefore, more expensive or less precise more expensive or less precise more expensive or less precise more expensive or less precise Slide Slide 5 5 of of 32 32 Sharif University of Technology SoC: Introduction

Contemporary Digital Design Contemporary Digital Design Major changes in digital design in recent years: Major changes in digital design in recent years: � More complex designs More complex designs � New methodologies and techniques required, New methodologies and techniques required, � like SoC like SoC Shorter time Shorter time- -to to- -market (TTM) market (TTM) � Cheaper products Cheaper products p p p p � � Scale Scale � Pervasive use of computer- Pervasive use of computer -aided design tools over hand methods aided design tools over hand methods � M lti l Multiple levels of design representation Multiple levels of design representation M lti l l l l l f d f d i i t ti t ti � Time Time � Emphasis on abstract design representations Emphasis on abstract design representations p p g g p p � Programmable rather than fixed function components Programmable rather than fixed function components � Automatic synthesis techniques Automatic synthesis techniques � Importance of sound design methodologies Importance of sound design methodologies Importance of sound design methodologies Importance of sound design methodologies � � Cost Cost � higher levels of integration higher levels of integration � use of simulation to debug designs use of simulation to debug designs � Slide Slide 6 6 of of 32 32 Sharif University of Technology SoC: Introduction

Software Tools Software Tools � Digital design need not involve any software tools; however, Digital design need not involve any software tools; however, � Software tools are nowadays an essential part of digital design � Software tools are nowadays an essential part of digital design. Software tools are nowadays an essential part of digital design Software tools are nowadays an essential part of digital design. � HDLs ( HDLs (Hardware Description Languages Hardware Description Languages) and the corresponding simulation ) and the corresponding simulation and synthesis tools are widely used. and synthesis tools are widely used. � In a CAD (Computer In a CAD (Computer- -Aided Design) environment, the tools improve Aided Design) environment, the tools improve the productivity and help in correcting errors and predicting the productivity and help in correcting errors and predicting behavior behavior. . � Schematic entry; Schematic entry; � HDLs compilers, simulators and synthesis tools; HDLs compilers, simulators and synthesis tools; � Timing analysers; � Timing analysers; Timing analysers; Timing analysers; � Simulators Simulators � Test benches. Test benches. Slide Slide 7 7 of of 32 32 Sharif University of Technology SoC: Introduction

Integrated Circuits (ICs) Integrated Circuits (ICs) � An IC is a collection of gates/blocks/... fabricated on a single silicon An IC is a collection of gates/blocks/... fabricated on a single silicon chip chip chip. chip. � ICs are classified by their size: ICs are classified by their size: � SSI (small scale integration): SSI (small scale integration): 1 ( ( g g ) ) 1 to to 30 30 gates gates g - a small number of gates. a small number of gates. � MSI (medium scale integration): MSI (medium scale integration): 30 30 to to 300 300 gates gates - decoder, register, counter. decoder register counter decoder register counter decoder, register, counter. � LSI (large scale integration): LSI (large scale integration): 300 300 to to 300 300, ,000 000 gates gates - small memories, PLDs. small memories, PLDs. � VLSI (very large scale integration): > VLSI (very large scale integration): > 1 1, ,000 000, ,000 000 transistors transistors - microprocessors, memories. microprocessors, memories. � The Core � The Core The Core 2 The Core 2 2 Extreme QX 2 Extreme QX Extreme QX9650 Extreme QX9650 9650 Quad Core Processor (Intel 9650 Quad Core Processor (Intel Quad Core Processor (Intel 2008 Quad Core Processor (Intel 2008 2008 45 2008, , 45 45 45 nm technology) has nm technology) has 820 820 million transistors ( million transistors (420 420 M transistors per die) M transistors per die) Slide Slide 8 8 of of 32 32 Sharif University of Technology SoC: Introduction

Implementation Technologies Implementation Technologies Slide Slide 9 9 of of 32 32 Sharif University of Technology SoC: Introduction