Red- -Light Running Light Running Red Red-Light Running
2 Traffic Signals Traffic Signals Red-Light Running
Intersection Fatalities Intersection Fatalities Red-Light Running 3
What is Red Light Running? What is Red Light Running? • Permissive yellow rule: – Driver can legally enter intersection during entire yellow interval – Violation occurs if driver enters intersection after onset of red • Restrictive yellow rule: – Driver can neither enter nor be in intersection on red – Violation occurs if driver has not cleared intersection after onset of red Red-Light Running 4
Intersection Definition Intersection Definition Intersection Red-Light Running 5
Safety Facts About Red- -Light Running Light Running Safety Facts About Red Source: Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS), http://www-fars.nhtsa.dot.gov Red-Light Running 6
Safety Facts About Red- -Light Running Light Running Safety Facts About Red Source: Establishing a Uniform Definition of Red-Light Running Crashes, ITE Journal, March 2006 Red-Light Running 7
Safety Facts About Red- -Light Running Light Running Safety Facts About Red • Red-light running crashes are more likely than other crashes to cause injury • On urban roads, fatal RLR crashes are more likely than other fatal crashes • Fatal RLR crashes are somewhat more likely to occur during the day Source: Prevalence and Characteristics of Red Light Running Crashes in the United States, Accident Analysis and Prevention, 1999 Red-Light Running 8
Types of Crashes Types of Crashes Right angle Rear end Left turn Right angle Rear end Left turn Red-Light Running 9
Red- -Light Running Studies Light Running Studies Red 4% of Americans reported running red lights 1% run them “often” 3% run them “sometimes” 97% of drivers feel that other drivers running red lights are a major safety threat 1 in 3 people claim they personally know someone injured or killed in a red light running crash Red-Light Running 10
Types of Red- -Light Runners Light Runners Types of Red Red-Light Running 11
12 Effective Programs Effective Programs Red-Light Running
Possible Causes and Countermeasures Possible Causes and Countermeasures Possible Cause of RLR Engineering Enforcement Education Did not see signal ● ◊ Tried to beat yellow ◊ ● ● Reported they had green ● Intentional violation ◊ ● ● Unable to stop vehicle ● ◊ Followed another vehicle ● ● Confused by signal ● ◊ ● = Likely countermeasure ◊ = Possible countermeasure Red-Light Running 13
The First Step The First Step 20 Red-Light Running 14
Intersection Safety Resources Intersection Safety Resources • NCHRP Report 500 Volume 12 • Guide sheets • Safety Strategies brochure • Signalized Intersections: Informational Guide Red-Light Running 15
Red- -Light Running Resources Light Running Resources Red • Red Light Camera Systems: Operational Guidelines • Making Intersections Safer: A Toolbox… • Field Guide for Inspecting Signalized Intersections… Red-Light Running 16
Engineering Countermeasures Engineering Countermeasures • Improve signal visibility • Improve line of sight • Improve signal conspicuity • Increase likelihood of stopping • Improve signal timing • Eliminate the need to stop Red-Light Running 17
Improve Signal Visibility Improve Signal Visibility Red-Light Running 18
Improve Signal Visibility Improve Signal Visibility Red-Light Running 19
Improve Line of Sight Improve Line of Sight Red-Light Running 20
Improve Signal Conspicuity Improve Signal Conspicuity Red-Light Running 21
Improve Signal Conspicuity Improve Signal Conspicuity Red-Light Running 22
Improve Signal Conspicuity Improve Signal Conspicuity Red-Light Running 23
Increase Likelihood of Stopping Increase Likelihood of Stopping Red-Light Running 24
Increase Likelihood of Stopping Increase Likelihood of Stopping Red-Light Running 25
Increase Likelihood of Stopping Increase Likelihood of Stopping Red-Light Running 26
Improve Signal Timing Improve Signal Timing Red-Light Running 27
Improve Signal Timing Improve Signal Timing 1 . 47 V 85 Y t 2 d 2 Gg Equation for determining where adequate yellow time Y yellow duration in seconds t reaction time 1 s V 85th percentile speed in mi/h 85 2 d decelerati on 10ft/s G grade in ft/ft 2 g accelerati on due to gravity 32.2 ft/s Red-Light Running 28
Improve Signal Timing Improve Signal Timing Red-Light Running 29
Eliminate the Need to Stop Eliminate the Need to Stop Red-Light Running 30
Eliminate the Need to Stop Eliminate the Need to Stop Red-Light Running 31
The Next Step The Next Step • Follow up countermeasures with • Follow up countermeasures with observation observation • Number of red light runners can be • Number of red light runners can be surrogate for improved safety surrogate for improved safety • If unsuccessful, look towards • If unsuccessful, look towards enforcement countermeasures enforcement countermeasures Red-Light Running 32
Enforcement Countermeasures Enforcement Countermeasures • Increased enforcement • Enforcement assistance lights • Automated enforcement Red-Light Running 33
34 Increased Enforcement Increased Enforcement Red-Light Running
Enforcement Assistance Lights Enforcement Assistance Lights Red-Light Running 35
Automated Enforcement Automated Enforcement Red-Light Running 36
Red Light Cameras Red Light Cameras WA OR SD NY RI IA PA DE OH IL CO CA MD MO DC NC TN AZ NM MS AL GA TX LA FL Source: Insurance Institute for Highway Safety web site (www.iihs.org) Red-Light Running 37
Education Countermeasures Education Countermeasures Red-Light Running 38
For More Information For More Information • FHWA Office of Safety – http://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/ • Insurance Institute for Highway Safety – http://www.iihs.org/ • Institute of Transportation Engineers – http://www.ite.org/safety/ • American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials – http://safety.transportation.org/ • Red Means Stop Coalition – http://www.redmeansstop.org/ Red-Light Running 39
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