Development of Photonic Network Optical burst switching Next Generation Enhancement of Networks Dynamic (Adaptive) Optical Path Control statistical >10Tb/s multiplexing Photonic MPLS Network Recent Advances in Photonic Recent Advances in Photonic effect employing IP- based distributed control IP Packets are mapped onto a bit-stream Networking Technologies Networking Technologies Existing Photonic Tera-bit class OXC-based Network MPLS Router large capacity Mesh Type “HIKARI router” 1T ! 10Tb/s System Network (Photonic MPLS router ) presented Testbed OXC at Supercomm’ Experiments 2001 since 1998. Photonic MPLS Router 2005. 2. 24. 640Gb/s NICT OXC WDM Ring Network 16/32 � R-OADM National since 2004. System Testbed NW since 2003. Nagoya University Static Optical Path Control ! 100Gb/s Introduced in 640Gb/s OXC System OADM the research Ken-ichi Sato networks since 2003. OADM : Optical Add/Drop Multiplexer OTN based 43Gb/s OXC : Optical Cross-connect p-to-p WDM Transmission transmission system 1999 2001 2003 Year Evolution of IP transport mechanism Comparison Between Ring and Mesh Networks Tera/Peta-bit Networking Routing G-bit Networking 2/4 Fiber Ring Architecture Mesh Architecture Router Throughput Increase Adaptability to dynamic Minimum planning. Add capacity Total throughput must be pre- IP over WDM (SDH) traffic patterns (cannot as needed (Pay as you grow IP over SDH Routing is planned and installed. solution). Hot-spot bandwidth plan 10 years anymore; Layer 3 done with Tbit Routers Routers based IP traffic is unpredictable.) upgrade. Routers based (IP v6, IP only IP on hardware on software Hierarchical Electrical routing(ASIC) Adaptability to distance- routing (Router Addressing etc.) Enhancement of Networking Function insensitive traffic pattern High Low Multi-hop) (internet traffic). Controlled and managed growth Limited (two fiber to four fiber up-grade and ATM etc. MPLS Bandwidth Scalability Layer 2 Introduction of is possible. multiple ring interconnection) . Underlying IP over ATM Controlled and managed growth Traffic Transfer Limited (multiple ring arrangement). Network Scalability Engineering Mechanism is possible. which enables (QoS SDH Network Resource effective traffic guarantee) Lower High engineering Utilization Layer 1 ! Mesh-like Optical Restoration Speed - 50 ms < 1 s Wave- length connection Node Throughput IP over Photonic is possible Enhancement Optical Path MPLS (Router Network Management Simple More complicated single hop) MPLS: Multi Protocol Label Switching
Link Distance and Circuit Length Distribution in Europe Link Distance and Circuit Length Distribution in North America (40 node Model) Link Distance Distribution Circuit Length Distribution 40% 25% 37% > 90% 35% 20% 20% 30% 16% 15% 25% 15% Counts (%) Counts (%) 21% 12% 12% 20% 10% 9% 9% 15% 13% 10% 8% 8% 5% 6% 5% 3% 3% 5% 3% 0% 0% 1400-1600 1600-1800 6000-7000 8000-9000 0-200 200-400 400-600 600-800 800-1000 1000-1200 1200-1400 0-1000 1000-2000 2000-3000 3000-4000 4000-5000 5000-6000 7000-8000 Link Length (km) Circuit Length (km) From A. Solheim, Business Briefing, World Markets Research Center, pp. 50-54. From J-K Rhee et al., Proc. SPIE, ITCom 2002, vol. 4872, pp. 121-132. "#$%$&'() "#$%$&'()*+%,$-.) *+%,$-.),'%#) ,'%#)/&%+00'1+&(+ /&%+00'1+&(+ End-to-End Node Cost Reduction Plug-&-Play - Self-Recognition of Topology, Resource and • IP over WDM Neighbors ! - 2.5 Gbit/s IP router I/F (OC-48c or STM-16) - Operation Cost Reduction ! IP Router - 20 Gbit/s transmission (2.5 Gbit/s � 8 � ) One Click Prompt Service Provisioning End-to-End node cost ratio WDM - Operation Cost Reduction ! LT “IP over photonic” to “IP over WDM” 1.0 - Enhanced Service Quality Edge node Intermediate nodes Edge node Cost ratio per 2.5-Gbit/s capacity; PTS : IP router : WDM-LT Simple Transmission Layer (Core Network with 0.8 Optical Nodes Employing Wavelength Routing), • IP over Photonic 0.6 and Separation of Transport and Service Operation 3.5 : 1.5 : 2.0 - Operation Cost Reduction IP Router 0.4 - Node Cost Reduction 3.0 :0.75 : 2.0 0.2 Mesh-like Network based on Distributed Control 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 PTS Number of intermediate nodes - Network Flexibility Enhancement Edge node Intermediate nodes Edge node - Efficient Network Resource Utilization
LSP Hierarchy Node Systems Controlled with GMPLS Fiber PSC: Packet-Switch Capable; MPLS Router Wavelength (Group) Time Slot L2SC: Layer2-Switch Capable; GbE-SW, ATM-SW FR-SW, MAPOS-SW Cell/Packet TDM: Time-Division Multiplex Capable; SDH(VC)- LSP 2 FSC Basis 3 XC LSP 2 LSC Basis 3 LSP 2 TDM Basis 3 LSC: Lambda-Switch Capable; OXC(PXC) LSP 2 PSC Basis 3 FSC: Fiber-Switch Capable FSC: Fiber Switch Capable, LSC: Lambda Switch Capable, TDM: Time Division Multiplex Capable, PSC: Packet Switch Capable Each Node Is Treated As an MPLS Label-switching Router (LSR). Progress in GMPLS Protocol Development Photonic IP Network New Service Provisioning with GMPLS BoD IN OXC OUT New Services Multi-grade l-Leased Line Leased Line OVPN Photonic IX Service Service LSP Network Multi-layer E-NNI E-NNI Failure OLSP Terminator I-NNI I-NNI Recovery Basic Network All Automatic All Automatic Will be Optical Service Integrated Service Management Optical Multi-region Integrated Multi-region Standardized Network Provisioning Provisioning Network Multi-region Signaling Functions Multi-region Control Signaling Control Routing Routing IN OUT Multi-region Multi-region Failure Restoration Network Control Failure Restoration Network Control LSR OLSP Network Link OXC: Optical Cross-Connect Routing Signaling Switch Control Management Basic Protocol LSR: Label Switch Router Standardization IS-IS-TE CR-LDP- Suit IS-IS-TE LMP CR-LDP- LMP GSMP in progress EXT GSMP OSPF-TE EXT RSVP- OSPF-TE RSVP- Optical level routing (optical path): via OXC TE-EXT TE-EXT Electrical level routing (packet): via LSR
MPLS and Photonic MPLS Network Design Procedure -Step-1- MPLS Label Switch Label MPLS Router Start 1. LSP NW Labeled Packet Labeled Packet Input: Find LSP Route IP Packet Physical network topology IP Packet 2. LSP with OXC NW Add OXC to each node LSP traffic demand Parameter: Egress Ingress Select a node pair � Label is added to each packet. OLSP set-up criteria (policy) Photonic MPLS Node/link cost etc. No Optical Label Switch • Terminate every OLSP Demands > X%? WP approach on a link-by-link basis. Output: Photonic Router Wavelength Label VWP approach Yes Total network cost Establish OLSP for the said 3. Photonic IP NW node pair, and assign a LSP routes wavelength to it OLSP routes IP Packet IP Packet Yes OLSP wavelengths Any other node pair to be examined? No • Execute cut-through with OLSP Egress Ingress level routing. � Wavelength label is added to each layer 1 stream . End of Step 1 • Smaller LSR size required. Progress of Router Throughput MPLS and Photonic MPLS LSP 1 LSP 3 F?3 Photonic MPLS DEF? Router (NTT) A#-$B1#CB%)2DE 465666 465666 Traffic Increase ! LSP 2 OXC MPLS- (x 2/12 months) LSP1 and LSP 2 are accommodated within LSP 3. Router =>?%+@)A#-$B1#CB%) Lucent 45666 45666 NTT Avici Procket NTT Juniper Cisco LSP1 and LSP 2 are accommodated within OLSP1. Fujitsu NEC LSP 1 466 466 Hitachi Juniper Cisco Avici OLSP 1 Juniper Electrical Router 46 46 Moor’s law =>?%+@) (x 2/18 months) Cisco 4 Cisco OLSP 1 LSP 2 674 674 MPLS- 4886 4886 4889 4889 :666 :666 :669 :669 Router MPLS-router pert multiplexes LSP1 and ;+<- ;+<- ;+<- ;+<- LSP2 and connects to OLSP1. Photonic MPLS-Router
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