PROMOTING ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IN INDONESIA Mohammad Helmy Senior Adviser, Indonesia Solid Waste Association (InSWA) 8 September 2015
The Archipelago of Indonesia http://www.ceritaindonesia.web.id • 255 million population in 1.9 million km 2 • 34 provinces, 511 Cities + Regencies, 17,000 islands • Almost 60% of the population in Java Island
Municipal Solid Waste Characteristics and Handling Waste Composition 17% 2% Organic 9% Plastic Paper 58% Metal Woods, Glass, Rubber, Fabric, Sand, Other 14% 3% Waste Handling 14% Transported to Landfill Buried, Burnt 14% Composted, other Disposed 69% Source : Indonesia Domestic Solid Waste Statistics, MoE, 2008
Policy framework: Law No 18/2008 on MSW Management Central Government authority: • Policy and strategy formulation • Formulate national standards, procedure and guidelines • Conduct capacity building, coordination and facilitation MSW Management Policy: • Minimization 3R & EPR; Handling collecting, segregation, transportation, landfill and final processing • Close open dumping practices and shift to sanitary landfilling / W2E / other methods • Enhance local government’s services to the community City and District authority: • Responsible for the implementation of MSW management policies • Carry out monitoring, evaluation and control
Anaerobic digestion of MSW as an alternative energy source • Indonesia has a long experience in the application of AD for micro / small food industries (e.g. tofu, cassava flour) and the utilization of animal manure in animal husbandry in rural areas; • Energy is generated from waste, which would otherwise be dumped or landfilled, with savings in transport costs, and a decrease of air, soil and water pollution; • AD development shall complement the activity of waste banks, which have been very successful in Indonesia in the recycling of inorganics (e.g. paper, plastics, etc.); • Given the high shares of organic waste that are left untreated, there is an enormous untapped potential to generate energy from waste through AD conversion in Indonesia.
Policy framework in Indonesia for waste-to-energy A Feed-in tariff system for bioenergy-based power generation is in place in Indonesia through Regulation No. 19 (2013) and No. 27 (2014) of the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources: No. Energy Capacity Electricity Tariff Note Medium Voltage IDR 1.150,- / kWh X F ($ 8 cents) 1. Biomass until 10 MW 2. Biogas until 10 MW IDR 1.050,- / kWh X F ($ 7 cents) Non Municipal Solid Waste 3. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) until 10 MW IDR 1.450,- / kWh ($ 11 cents) Zero waste 4. Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) until 10 MW IDR 1.250,- / kWh ($ 9 cents) Sanitary Landfill Low Voltage 1 Biomass until 10 MW IDR 1.500,- / kWh X F ($ 11 cents) 2 Biogas until 10 MW IDR 1.400,- / kWh X F ($ 10 cents) Non Municipal Solid Waste 3 Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) until 10 MW IDR 1.798,- / kWh ($ 13 cents) Zero waste 4 Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) until 10 MW IDR 1.598,- / kWh ($ 15 cents) Sanitary Landfill *F is an incentive factor based on the region where the power plant installed
Piloting the anaerobic digestion conversion of municipal solid waste in Jambi City (South Sumatra) and Malang Regency (East Java)
Overview of Jambi City Population 681,616 inhabitants 205.40 km 2 Area Daily waste generation 362.5 tons/day Waste generation rate 0.53 kg/capita/day Waste collection rate 72% (waste transported to the landfill) Institution responsible for waste management Sanitation, Landscaping, and Cemetery Agency Coverage area of waste management services 100% Talang Gulo Landfill (15 km from the Final Disposal city centre). Semi-controlled landfill.
Jambi City Jambi � Y 5 PELAYANGAN� S DISTRICT TELUK DANAU� � � B J� � � � � DISTRICT 6 I� EAST� JAMBI� A F DISTRICT � � M T E Q PASAR� JAMBI� � � DISTRICT TELANAIPURA� � � � � � � � � � � =� Material� Recovery� Facility� K DISTRICT 12� 11� G R � � � � � � � =� Landfill� W 8 � � � � � � � =� Waste� Bank� JELUTUNG� � � � � � � � 9 O DISTRICT � � Z 7 SOUTH� JAMBI� D 4 DISTRICT P � � 2 L X N DISTRICT KOTA� BARU� � � C 3 H V U Talang� Gulo� 1 Landfill� 10�
Opportunities for waste-to-energy in Jambi • Ongoing practice in Jambi: collection – transportation – final disposal of waste • Waste-to-energy pilot (Anaerobic Digestion) to treat market waste at Angso Duo market is being developed by ESCAP, in partnership with the Jambi local government authority and UCLG ASPAC • At Angso Duo market, > 65% of waste composition is suitable for AD conversion (vegetables 56%, fruits 11%) Waste generation and collection in the Angso Duo market
Overview of Malang Regency Population 2,466,277 inhabitants 3,238 km 2 Area Daily waste generation 1603 ton/day Waste generation rate 0.65 kg/cap/day Waste collection rate 4.7% (waste transported to the landfill) Institution responsible for waste The Human Settlements and Spatial Planning Agency management Coverage area of waste 76% management services a. Randuagung Landfill, Singosari (open dumping) b. Talangagung Landfill, Kepanjen (semi-controlled landfill) Final Disposal c. Paras Landfill, Poncokusumo (semi-controlled landfill) d. Rejosari Landfill, Bantur (open dumping)
Malang Regency Regency Malang� � � Kasembon� Pujon� Landfill� 8� Randuagung� District � � Landfill� 14� 11� � � Lawang� Karangploso � � � � � � Pujon� District 10� Singosari� District District Ngantang� 3 � � District District 2 12� 16� 4� 13� 18� 5� � � Dau� District 17� Jabung� � � 1� 15� � 6� � Pakis� District District Paras� Landfill� Tumpang� District � � Wagir� District 19� � � � � � � Pakisaji Ngajum� � � � � � � � � =� Material� Recovery� Facility� � � Wonosari� 7� � � Tajinan� Pancokusumo� District � District District 21� District District � � � � � � � =� Landfill� � C� Bululawang� � � Kepanjen D� Bululawang� � � � � � � � =� Waste� Bank� � � Kromangan� District � � Wajak� District Landfill� TalangAgung� District District � � A� � � Landfill� E� Gondanglegi� B� Sumberpucung� Turen � � 20� District � � District District � � 22� Tirtoyudo� Kalipare� Dampit� Plaran� District � � District � � District District Ampelgading Pagak District District 9� Rejosari� Landfill� � � � � � � � Pagak� Landfill� � � � � � � � Donomulyo� Sumbermanjing� � � District Wetan� District Bantur� � � Gedangan� District District � �
Opportunities for waste-to-energy in Malang Regency • Malang Regency is mostly composed of peri-urban areas , with extensive areas for plantation, agriculture and animal breeding; • A 2 ton per day waste-to-energy pilot will be developed by ESCAP, in partnership with Malang Regency, the local community and UCLG ASPAC, to treat waste from the Mantung market, as well as the organic waste from other smaller markets nearby and animal husbandry waste; • Ongoing practice in Mantung are: waste collection and disposal to the nearest dumping site or river without any further treatment. Additionally, the animal waste from husbandry is simply dumped into the river and no treatment occurs. Mantung market, Malang Regency
Expected Results and Challenges Expected results: Waste-to-energy plants for treating organic waste in Jambi and Malang Regency operate in a financially sustainable manner and provide energy to the surrounding communities in the form of heat and/or electricity Reduction in the waste transported and disposed into landfills, thereby saving landfill area and reducing waste transportation costs The model is replicated to other cities in Indonesia Challenges: Segregation of waste at source is typically not practiced or enforced in Indonesia Tipping fees are traditionally not paid by municipalities Low budget allocations to MSW Management can be an issue for ensuring the financial sustainability of “waste -to- resource” initiatives, especially AD and composting Technical issues are likely in handling a “new” waste conversion approach, and therefore the a need for capacity building of plant managers and operators
Thank You. Terima Kasih Indonesia Solid Waste Association (InSWA) Secretariat: Jl. Krekot Bunder IV Blok H No 19, Pasar Baru, Jakarta-Pusat sekretariat@inswa.or.id, inswa.org@gmail.com http://inswa.or.id Field Office: TPS 3R RAWASARI Jl. Rawa Kerbau 5A- Rawasari Selatan, Cempaka Putih Timur, Jakarta Pusat 10510 Telp: (+62-21) 4627 1206 Fax :(+62-21) 4627 1207
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