SUSTAINABLE WASTE MANAGEMENT : CASE STUDY Jayant Joshi
Waste Classification Municipal Solid Waste Vegetable Industrial Medical Domestic Construction Market Waste Waste Waste Waste Waste Bio-Degradable Non-Bio- Degradable Kitchen Waste Garden Waste Recycl a ble Vegetables, Non-Recyclable (Tree Leaves) Peels, Thermacoal, Plastic, Sanitary Napkins, Glass, Diapers Metal Paper,
Composition of MSW Composition of MSW in India & Regional Variation 53.41 Compostable (%) 52.38 51.91 60 50.89 50.41 50.41 Recyclables (%) 50 Inerts (%) Composition of MSW 32.82 40 30.85 29.57 28.86 28.15 28.15 21.44 21.44 30 19.23 17.02 16.78 16.28 20 10 0 Metro Other East India North South IndiaWest India Region/City Cities India ~51% of Domestic Waste is Compostable
MSWM Comparison Existing MSWM System Proposed MSWM System Domestic Waste Non-Bio- Degradable Generation Bio-Degradable Segregation at Mixing in House Source Unsegregated Recyclable Composting At Source Waste Collection Collected by Municipal Aerobic Vermin-Compost Anaerobic Corporation (Trucks) Sanitary Landfill Recycling Plant Or Incineration Transportation Compost Biogas Open Dumping AND/OR Burning
India: Overview ~ 920m tons of MSW landfill or 843m tons Open Dump (91% of Total Waste Generated) Inefficient handling of waste by municipalities (50-60%) Receive Treatment : 10% of the collected waste Scientific Disposal in Landfill: ~ 0% No segregation, unsafe disposal Discarded Composting Rejects : 60% Utilized Mixed Waste : Only 6-7% Non-organics and heavy metals reduced efficiency Calorific Value of MSW-India: NOT suitable for Energy Generation Although LFG recovery reduces overall GHG emissions Opportunity to produce 3.6m tons of waste compost Produces 33.1 m TPY of RDF in the form of composting rejects Insufficient information on performance of MSW composting facilities Average Expenditure on SWM : 15 -20% of Total Budget 75% Salaries , 20% Transportation, Rest on other O&M costs
24.3.1 Prohibition Against Littering the Streets, Deposition of Solid Waste on the Streets, Open Defecation, etc. No person shall litter public streets or public places or deposit or cause or permit to be deposited or thrown upon or along any public street, public place, land belonging to the local body, State or Central Government or any unoccupied land or on the bank of a water-body any solid waste except in the receptacles specified in 2, 6 and 8 above or resort to open defecation.
Mumbai: Existing Scenario Population : ~1.3Crore Budget for Waste Disposal: 2300 Crore/yr Waste Generate: 11,000 TPD (2014-15 BMC Report) ~630 gm/per Family /Day 15-20% Waste remains uncollected Almost 0% Gets Scientific Treatment >80% of Domestic Waste is Bio-degradable Waste is dumped on Deonar ,it’s capacity is ended 25 years back,Hari om nagar Mulund it’s closer is declared ,the third is at Kanjur it is not yet stared fully because of litigations. The height of the waste tower at Deonar has reached about 55 meters or 165 feet equivalent , as against the 35-metre cap mandated by the Airports Authority of India.
Kalyan Dombivali Corporation scenario No scientific dumping ground allocated Last two years all the new Housing projects are being rejected Unauthorized construction are in full swing 200 crore revenue loss Day by day MSW quantity is on increase Dirtiest city in India 24 Hrs garbage heaps are left burning Thane and Mumbai are also on the same Path
SIT inquiry for 4087Cr.Rs And 4408 Cr Rs irregularities .
Carelessness of the citizens
Unscientific way of handling the waste
All the Rivers are polluted
Our all the water resources are polluted and not giving potable water
Mumbai – Malad beach is full of garbage thrown in the deep sea ,came back with high tide
Holy water to immerse Flower
Hazards of open dumping Open Burning of Solid Wastes and Landfill Fires Emit 22,000 TPY of pollutants CO, HC,H 2 S , NO x , SO x , SO 2 , dioxins, furans Particulate Matter Burning at Ground Levels Upper Respiratory tract Disorders to the Locals Mix Waste Compost Samples Fall Below QC standards Exceeded Quantities of Heavy Metals Soil, Air, Water Pollution Physically Challenged Next Generation
Agenda Understating Municipal Waste Existing Methods of composting Merits and Demerits Case Studies Proposed Solution De-Centralization of Waste Summary Conclusion Next Steps
Deonar Fire Deonar: Piles of Trash in Deonar ~30m Tall Largest Garbage Dump in Mumbai, (possibly India) 9 Story Building..!! -NASA 132-Hectare Site Receives ~4000 to 5000Tons of waste/Day Home to Thousands of Scavengers Open Pit Toilet Leading to Health Hazards Rs. 3,700-Crore contract for partial closure of dump and building an integrated waste management facility given to United Phosphorous (2009) Disputes ->No Compost Plant Yet Caught Severe Fire on Jan 28. 2016 Severity: Visible even from Space Thick Smoke (Acrid smoke)That Bloated Out the Sun Severe Threat to the health of those who live nearby Fire lasted for more than four days Possible Causes: Self combustion of methane inside the dump Misconduct ? Irresponsibility ? • http://www.cnn.com/2016/02/05/asia/mumbai-giant-garbage-dump-fire/ • http://indianexpress.com/article/india/india-news-india/a-fire-mumbai-finds-hard-to-douse /
NASA
Swacchs Bharat Abhiyan
Current Mentality People’s Attitude Innocence Ignorance Arrogance
Education on paper The civic administration, in its 2014-15 budget, has allocated around Rs 44 crore to increase awareness among citizens regarding waste management, to improve civic sense and also streamline the role played by NGOs in this process.
Decentralization :Experts opinion The BMC needs to draw up a policy to micro- manage organic waste,” said Dr.Shyam Asolekar, professor, centre for science and engineering, Indian Institute of Technology- Bombay. Estimates suggest that the Garbage treatment is Rs 60,000-crore industry has the potential to grow at 10-15 per cent a year
Comparison Methods Merits Demerits • Informal Sectored, • • Integral part of SWM Successful only if segregation at source Recycle • Robust Collection and supply chain in large cities follow ed • Only ~20% to 35% Available in India • Suitable for Organic Waste (51%-India) • Significant Reduction in Transportation Cost • • Possibility of heavy metals entering into food Fast and Cheap • Aerobic Composting Low Space ,No Odor ,Most Eco-Friendly chain if used as Mixed . • • If it is done on centralized way it is costly affair Proved to be the best if decentralized • 100 Nitrogen is recovered • Low Efficiency • • Excessive Water Required High position on hierarchy of SWM Small Scale • Divert waste from landfills • Medium Space Required Bio-Gas/ Methanization • • Slushy Slurry as bi-product Only successful at small scale • Not advisable for Kitchen waste • Vermi Compost Gets good quality manure • Slow process failure chances are more • Potential Substitute for Coal Refuse Derived Fuel • • Many failures from case studies Divert waste from landfills • • Severe problems during operation (RDF) 5plants • Lack of funding, logistics and • Low Efficiency due to lower Cal. Value Waste to Energy • • GHG Emissions Potential Substitute for Coal Combustion • • Inert Organic Bi-products Recommended after all possible recycling and • Flyash is another waste generated composting (WTE)
Segregation at Manchester
Segregation in UK At Food Joint
Key Concepts: Waste Reduction National Level Law must be implemented very strictly promotion of consumer awareness. promotion of producer responsibility for post-consumer wastes. Required Change In Packing Material Local Level At Source Segregation . recovery of materials from mixed waste. Implementation of Three R support of home composting, either centralized or small-scale.
Composting Levels • Individual • Inside Our House L1 • Small-Sized Groups • 10-15 families prepare their own composting pit L2 • Mid-Sized Groups • A society of 100 members waste management. So that L3 it will require mechanized mixing , sifting et.
Organic Discards: Contribution to Greenhouse Gasses Domestic Waste Organic Discards Decomposition Natural Aerobic Anaerobic Decomposition Environment CO2 High in Nitrogen Emission Emission High (Food Scrap, Carbohydrates No Methane Manure, Glass) N2O Not Considered in GHG CH4 300Times GHG Emission 21 Computations more times more dangerous dangerous than CO2 than CO2
Fish Bone diagram No enough funds People are not cultured People are to be educated Dry and wet Garbage is not segregated at source Corporaters are inefficient City garbage problem is going There is no enough out of control space for composting There is no punishment for Metropolitan cities misbehavior are growing uncontrolled Dumping ground is the only solution of this problem
Sustainable solution Composting basket
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