Observation from Space - GPM - GCOM-W “SHIZUKU” Misako KACHI Earth Observation Research Center (EORC) Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA)
The ALOS-2 satellite successfully launched on May 24, 2014! Plan to release first light 1 month after the launch, and data by 6 months. IGARSS 2011, 25 July 2011
Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) GPM Core Observatory International mission consisting of the GPM Core Observatory and GMI Constellation Satellites for high (Microwave accurate and frequent global Imager) precipitation observation KuPR: Core Observatory: developed under 13.6GHz radar NASA and JAXA equal partnership. (phased array) KaPR: 35.5GHz Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar radar (phased array) (DPR) developed by JAXA and NICT GPM Microwave Imager (GMI) developed by NASA Constellation Constellation satellites: provided by Satellites by international partners. international partners GPM Core Observatory was successfully launched on 28 Feb. 2014 (JST). Core Observatory by NASA-JAXA P3
Scientific targets derived from the GPM/DPR Offering knowledge regarding climate variations Continuous precipitation observation data from TRMM to GPM Offering highly reliable knowledge regarding precipitation science Observation of cumulonimbus, tropical cyclones, diurnal variations of precipitation in the tropics Observation of precipitation over the mid-to-high latitude frontal zones Offering near-real-time precipitation information Utilization in numerical weather prediction in JMA Utilization in flood alert/warning system, etc. P4
GPM Core Observatory Launch: 3:37 am on 28 Feb. 2014 (JST) CG image NASA JAXA JAXA Launch from the JAXA Tanegashima Separation of the spacecraft Space Center by the H-IIA F23 rocket P5
NASA-JAXA Joint First Images from the GPM Core Observatory JAXA/NASA NASA/JAXA Extratropical Cyclone over the northwest Pacific Ocean (around 40N, 167E) around 1330Z on 10 Mar. 2014. GMI 36-GHz H TB is overlaying to the Geostationary IR provided by JMA and NOAA. ↑ Three dimensional structure of precipitation captured by DPR. → Surface precipitation captured by GMI. 6 NASA/JAXA P6
JAXA’s Role within GPM Project Since 2 0 1 2 Launch of GPM Core GCOM-W1 as one of Development of DPR with NICT Observatory by H-IIA constellation satellites rocket Development of algorithms, GV, Promotion of GPM data utilization and and GPM data processing and application in Japan and Asia data distribution system to provide to end users P7
Overview of GPM-GSMaP Algorithm Good: high- Microwave Imager / Sounder frequent (wide swath, multi- new satellites) Bad: cannot measure vertical GPM Core GCOM-W1 NOAA/MetOp DMSP structure (need GMI AMSU (sounder) AMSR2 SSM/I, SSMIS info. from radar) GSMaP Microwave IR Imager Radiometer Algorithms Precipitation Radar Rainfall Data from each Rainfall Geostationary Microwave Radiometer Data Satellite TRMM Base PR Merged Microwave Microwave-IR Merged Rainfall Data Algorithm (CMV, K/F) new (Okamoto et al. 2005, Kubota et al, 2007, Aonashi Global Rainfall Map et al. 2009, Ushio et al. 2009, Shige et al. 2009, GPM Core +Gauge-calibrated Rainfall Kachi et al. 2011, Taniguchi et al., 2013, Mega et DPR al., 2014, etc.) (0.1x0.1 deg. box, Hourly) GSMaP web site -- http://sharaku.eorc.jaxa.jp/GSMaP/ P8
GSMaP Improvements from the TRMM Era to the GPM Era Increase of observations by microwave radiometers (in short-term) Increase of input microwave radiometers (8 12) GMI can observe 70N-70S area more than TMI (38N-38S) Update of GSMaP algorithms (in short-term) Improvements in microwave imager algorithm based on AMSR2 precipitation standard algorithm, including new land algorithm, new coast detection scheme, etc. Development of orographic rainfall correction method for warm rainfall in coastal area Update of database, including rainfall detection over land, land surface emission database developed by Japanese DPR/GMI combined team, etc. Development of microwave sounder algorithm over land Development of gauge-calibrated GSMaP algorithm, etc. Precipitation observation by DPR over the mid-to-high latitudes (in long-term) Transition from current PR-based database to new DPR&PR-based one Improvement of accuracy of precipitation estimation in high latitudes by utilizing higher frequency channels in GMI and microwave sounders. P9
Example of GPM-GSMaP Hourly rainfall 12Z 15 Aug. 2012 Gauge-calibrated hourly rainfall 12Z 15 Aug. 2012 10 P10
Comparison with RadarAMeDAS: Correlation coefficients 1 0.9 0.8 MVK_Correlation 0.7 Gauge_Correlation 0.6 ion MFW_Correlation latio Correla 0.5 NRT_Correlation 0.4 MVK_15 日移動平均 0.3 Gauge_15 日移動平均 0.2 MFW_15 日移動平均 0.1 NRT_15 日移動平均 0 Date P11
GCOM Satellites • 2 types of medium-sized satellites covering observation of essential climate variables “SHIZUKU” GCOM-W (Water) GCOM-C (Climate) Advanced Microwave Scanning Instrument Second-generation Global Imager Instrument Radiometer-2 Sun Synchronous orbit Altitude ： 798km (on Equator) Sun Synchronous orbit Orbit Altitude ： 699.6km (on Equator) Inclination: 98.6 deg. Orbit Inclination: 98.2 degrees Local sun time: 10:30+/- 15min Local sun time: 13:30+/-15 min 4.6m (X) * 16.3m (Y) * 2.8m (Z) (on Size 5.1m (X) * 17.5m (Y) * 3.4m (Z) (on- orbit) Size orbit) Mass 2093kg Mass 1991kg Power gen. More than 4000W (EOL) Power gen. More than 3880W (EOL) Launch JFY 2016 Launch May 18, 2012 Design 5-years Design Life 5-years 12 Life 12
AMSR2 I nstrum ent Successor of AMSR-E on Aqua and AMSR on ADEOS-II. Deployable main reflector system with 2.0m diameter (1.6m for AMSR-E). Frequency channel set is identical to that of AMSR-E except 7.3GHz channel for RFI mitigation. Two-point external calibration with improved HTS (hot-load). Add a redundant momentum wheel to increase reliability. AMSR2 Channel Set GCOM-W1/AMSR2 characteristics Center Band Sampling Beam width [deg] Scan and rate Conical scan at 40 rpm Freq. width Pol. interval (Ground res. [km]) [MHz] [km] [GHz] Antenna Offset parabola with 2.0m dia. 6.925/ 350 1.8 (35 x 62) Swath width 1450km (effective > 1600km) 7.3 Incidence angle Nominal 55 degrees 10.65 100 1.2 (24 x 42) V 10 18.7 200 and 0.65 (14 x 22) Digitization 12bits H 23.8 400 0.75 (15 x 26) Dynamic range 2.7-340K 36.5 1000 0.35 (7 x 12) Polarization Vertical and horizontal 89.0 3000 0.15 (3 x 5) 5 13
GCOM-W Status May 17, 2012: Launch June 28, 2012: Injection into A-Train July 3, 2012: First images of AMSR2 August 10, 2012: Completion of initial checkout January 25, 2013: AMSR2 Level 1 (Brightness temperature) products release to the public May 10 - 14, 2013: AMSR2 Observation halt (SPC A to B); caused by Single Event Upset, no critical problem to the instrument May 17, 2013: AMSR2 Level 2 (Geophysical) products release to the public (Successful completion of Initial Cal/ Val) The GCOM-W1 satellite system and Data Providing Service System AMSR2 instrument are working well. https://gcom-w1.jaxa.jp Level 1, 2, and 3 products will be updated late this year. 14
AMSR2 Standard Products Products Areas Res. Required Accuracy Current PI Accuracy Release Standard Integrated Global, over ± 3.5kg/m 2 ± 3.5kg/m 2 2.9kg/m 2 Kazumori 15km water vapor ocean Integrated Global, over ± 0.10kg/m 2 ± 0.05kg/m 2 cloud liquid 0.05kg/m 2 Kazumori 15km ocean water Global, Ocean ± 50% Ocean ± 50% Ocean 47% Precipitation except cold 15km Aonashi Land ± 120% Land ± 120% Land 91% latitude G E Sea surface Global, over ± 0.8 ℃ ± 0.5 ℃ 0.56 ℃ 50km Shibata O temperature ocean Sea surface Global, over ± 1.5m/s ± 1.0m/s 1.1m/s Shibata 15km wind speed ocean Sea ice Polar region, Comiso and ± 10% ± 10% 15km 9% concentration over ocean Cho ± 20cm ± 20cm Snow depth Land 30km 16cm Kelly ± 10% ± 10% Soil moisture Land 50km 4% Koike Research algorithms are not listed here. 15
Monthly AMSR2 Composite Movie Apr. 2013 – Mar. 2014 Global composite image produced from sea surface temperature, integrated cloud liquid water, sea ice concentration, snow depth, and soil moisture content observed by AMSR2 in April 2013. For sea ice, the maximal extent in April is shown in white. For cloud liquid water, areas with monthly mean of 0.2 mm or larger are shown in perfect white, and areas with less cloud water by changing transparency. Other geophysical parameters are shown by monthly mean.
Agro-Meteorological Monitoring June 1 – 15, 2012 June 16 – 30, 2012 May 1 – 15, 2012 May 16 – 31, 2012 17
How to get AMSR2 Data URL : https://gcom-w1.jaxa.jp/auth.html Top menu of GCOM-W Data Providing Service After registration, all services (searching, data providing, getting tool kit etc) are available. “Login” as a guest is Click here, to make acceptable, but only data registration. search and browsing is available. 18
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