Teekay LNG Projects LNG Evolution within the Shipping Industry 28 April 2012
Brief Bio - David Macdonald Teekay Vancouver » Position: Director, New Build & Conversions, Teekay, Vancouver. » Responsibilities: Technical services management for new builds and conversions. » Career: � 2002 to date - Teekay, New Build Director for the last 4 years. � 2000- 2002 - Golar Management, Fleet Technical Manager & New Build Manager � 1965 – 2000 - BP Tanker Company seagoing to Chief Engineer, shore based in various Operational and New Build roles. » Qualifications: � UK DTp Extra First Class Combined Certificate of Competency (Steam and Motor) 1982 � Diploma in Management Studies (Shipping) Plymouth 1983 � Chartered Engineer - CEng � Chartered Marine Engineer – CMarEng � Fellow of The Institute Of Marine Engineers, Science and Technology – FIMarEST � Fellow of The Institution of Diagnostic Engineers - FIDiagE. » Gas Industry Specific involvement • Member of SIGTTO (Society of Gas Transport & Terminal Operators) General Purpose Committee from 2005. • IMO - member of the Steering Committee for the IGC (International Gas Carrier) Code review • IMO – member of the Correspondence Group for the new IGF (International Gas Fuel) Code 2
Teekay Corporation » Founded in 1973 by the late Torben Karlshoej » Transnational company with 6,400 employees » Transports approximately 10% of the world’s seaborne oil » World’s largest operator of shuttle tankers and mid-size oil tankers » Leader in harsh weather floating production solutions » Third largest independent LNG ship owner and operator 3
Teekay Transnational Operations Vancouver Bermuda Stamford London Glasgow Aberdeen Trondheim Stavanger » CEO » Corporate » Conventional: » Conventional: » Conventional / » FPSO: » FPSO: Office � Ops » Executive � Gemini � Commercia Gas: � Executive (Gas / � Ship Mgmt Pool l � Commercial Conventional / � BD � Manning � Commercia Corporate) � BD l » Corporate Support » Commercial Support » Fleet Support Tokyo Conventional Shanghai » Commercial » Conventional » Ship Mgmt / Gas / » BD Offhshore Representativ e Office Rio de Macaé / Madrid Mumbai Singapore Perth Sydney Janeiro Itajai » Gas: » Manning » Conventional » FSO: » Marine Services � Commercial � Commercial � Ship Mgmt » Shuttle: » FPSO: » Fleet Support » FSO/ � Ship Mgmt � Ops � BD � Ship Mgmt � BD Conventional / � BD � BD Bulk » Towage: � Ship Mgmt � Ship Mgmt » FSO: � BD 4
Teekay LNG Fleet EXCALIBUR 138,000 2002 EXCELSIOR 138,000 2005 POLAR SPIRIT 88,500 1993 ARCTIC SPIRIT 88,500 1993 HISPANIA SPIRIT 140,500 2002 MADRID SPIRIT 138,000 2004 Excelsior FSRU – Bahia Blanca, Argentina CATALUNYA SPIRIT 138,000 2003 SOYO 160,000 2011 GALICIA SPIRIT 140,500 2004 MALANJE 160,000 2011 151,700 2006 AL MARROUNA 160,000 2011 LOBITO AL AREESH 151,700 2007 CUBAL 160,000 2012 AL DAAYEN 151,700 2007 2008 MERIDIAN SPIRIT 165,500 2010 AL HUWAILA 217,000 WOODSIDE DONALDSON 165,500 217,000 2008 AL KHARSAAH 2009 MAGELLAN SPIRIT 165,500 2009 2008 AL SHAMAL 217,000 AL KHUWAIR 217,000 2008 ARWA SPIRIT 165,500 2008 TANGGUH HIRI 155,000 2008 MARIB SPIRIT 165,500 2008 TANGGUH SAGO 155,000 2009 METHANE SPIRIT 165,500 2008 5
Agenda » A Brief History � The beginning of LNG Shipping � The Development of Regulations » Existing Code Impact on Shipping � Gas Containment Systems � Proven Propulsion Systems » Regulations Update � IGF Code Development 6
A Brief History – The beginning of LNG Shipping � “Methane Pioneer” 1959 1959 (ex- “Normati”) converted in 1959 to an LNG carrier of 5,000 m 3 � “Methane Princess” & “Methane Progress” – first purpose built gas ships constructed in 1964 with a cargo capacity of 27,000 m 3 7
A Brief History – The Development of the Regulations » The first LNG carriers: � 1959 - Methane Pioneer � 1964 - Methane Princess and Methane Progress » Regulations for LNG carriers: » � 1976 Code for Existing Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk � 1976 Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk � 1983 International Code for the Construction and Equipment of Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk. 8
Existing Code Impact on Shipping » The key areas where the IGC code will impact commercial shipping are: • Gas Containment Systems • Proven Propulsion Systems 9
Gas Containment Systems - Type A Tanks 10
Gas Containment Systems - Type B Tanks 11
Gas Containment Systems - Type C Tanks 12
Gas Containment Systems - Current Fleet Tank Designs � Development of the ‘membrane’ techniques in France by two separate companies Gaz-Transport and Technigaz. They have now merged into one company - ‘GTT’ 13
Gas Containment Systems - Current Fleet Tank Designs » Development of the spherical tank design (Moss- Rosenberg) type ship in early 1970’s 14
Gas Containment Systems - Current Fleet Tank Designs � Introduction of the IHI-SPB system in 1990’s Tank dome CL Bhd Swash Bhd Inner Insulation hull Access space Support Rolling chock 15
LNG Containment Systems - Other Tank Designs » Astano » Gaz Transport/McDonnel Douglas » Bridgestone Semi Membrane » IHI Flat Tank » Shell Internal Insulation » Chicago Bridge and Iron Spherical Containment » CONCH Freestanding Spherical LNG Tank » CONCH Balsa/PUF Containment System » CONCH 2 Containment System » Gaz Transport/Pittsburgh Des Moines free standing system » LGA Zellantank System » Linde AG MVT Containment System » Ocean Pheonix Pressure LNG System » Verolnave LNG Containment System 16
Existing Code Impact on Shipping » The key areas where the IGC code will impact commercial shipping are: • Gas Containment Systems • Proven Propulsion Systems 17
IGC – Chapter 16 “Methane (LNG) is the only cargo whose vapour can be used in machinery spaces of category A and in such spaces may be utilised only in boilers, inert gas generators, combustion engines and gas turbines.” LNG - UP LPG - DOWN 18
LNG Ship Propulsion Systems - Overview Main Propulsion Steam Turbine » Diesel Engines: » Dual fired diesels » Direct drive Diesel electric / Azipod 19
LNG Ship Propulsion Systems – Steam � Low thermal efficiency Steam Turbines � High fuel costs � Low noise � Low vibration 20
Gas Burning Arrangement Ventilated Duct Gas Burning 21
Ventilated Gas Burning Duct 22
Gas Fueled - Diesel Engines Types of Engine Available Duel Fired Diesels Spark ignition of low pressure gas • High pressure gas injection + pilot fuel • Dual fuel - low pressure gas + pilot fuel • Advantages Disadvantages Lower Fuel Consumption Higher maintenance costs Higher Available Power Higher vibration levels Higher noise levels 23
Gas Fueled – Diesel Engines Ventilated Duct 24
Gas Fueled - Diesel Engines – Fuel Supply Class Requirements for Dual Fuel Engines Double wall arrangements as for boiler plant » Start up on oil fuel only » Immediate change over to oil fuel operation » Gas valve timing to prevent gas passing to the exhaust » Crankcase gas detection » 25
Dual Fuel Diesel Electric 26
New Era in LNG – A New Code » At MSC 78 in May 2004 the IMO May - - approved a new work programme: “The Development of international regulations for gas fuelled ships’ » This Code refered to as the IGF Code is not expected to enter force before 2015 and by then many of us here would expect to be either using gas as fuel by this time or certainly to be at an advanced stage of planning and commitment. » Despite the best endeavours of many people, the industry finds itself in a similar situation to that of the early days of LNG shipping where ships were in service and the rules were produced retrospectively. 27
Do we need Prescriptive Rules? » Although the final IGF Code is not completed, the industry is in fact much better shape than when the first LNG carriers were brought in to service. » Today we already have the following: • IGC Code. • Interim Guidelines for Gas fueled vessels • Many experienced personnel in the industry. • Good safety procedures » Lets Build on the experience and knowledge of the existing LNG Industry so that we can deliver safe, reliable and effective powering solutions. You are not alone! 28
There are Hurdles Ahead – for conversion to LNG Managing Public Perception � An education campaign should be considered Managing the Regulatory Environment � IMO Rules do not yet exist � Class rules exist but are inconsistent � Flag state must be consulted and onboard with decisions taken � Environmental issues need to be incorporated Training � Effective Training of Shore Staff � Effective Training of Crew 29
The Responsibilities of a LNG User To Maintain Safety � Maritime LNG industry has an unparalleled safety record To Educate employees at all levels � CEO down must have the basic knowledge To disseminate Informed and accurate information � Your credibility and your customers trust is at risk 30
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