LNG AS FUEL Martial CLAUDEPIERRE Environment Services Manager
Environmental impact of shipping ► The contribution of shipping to worldwide air emissions is significant. Total shipping emissions Amount in million tonnes % of global emissions CO2 1,046 3.3 (International shipping) (870) (2.7) NOx 20 20 to 30 SOx 12 10 PM 1.5 Estimated air emissions from shipping in 2007 2
Regulations for NOx and SOx emissions ► IMO and other Regulations for NOx and SOx emissions are more and more stringent. ► Regulations limits for SOx emissions : Regulations Sulphur Content 2010 2012 2015 2020 or 2025 IMO - Global 4.5% 3.5% 0.5% IMO - ECA 1.5% 1.0% (since 01.07.2010) 0.1% EU ports 0.1% California (< 24 nm) 1.5% (MGO) 0.1% 0.5% (MDO) Residual fuels Distillate fuels 3
Emission Control Areas (ECA) ► An Emission Control Area : NOx, SOx and particulate matter, or all three types of emissions. ► Existing ECA and SECA are today: 4
THE BEGINING Natural Gas : a solution for reducing air emissions ► NOx emissions reduced by more than 80% (for lean burn engines). … ► SOx emissions eliminated (no sulphur in LNG). ► Particulate matters are close to zero. ► CO2 emissions are reduced by approx. 20% (unburned methane if any should be taken into account as its global warming potential is high). 5
Dual fuel engine is a sea proven technology ► The first LNG carrier fitted with dual fuel engines has been delivered in 2004 with BV class (“GDF SUEZ GLOBAL ENERGY”) . ► Since this first application, more than 100 LNG carriers (most of them fitted with Wärtsilä DF engines and electric propulsion) have been ordered. 157,000m3 LNG C“SERI BALHAF” BUILT BY MHI FOR MISC IN 2009 7,500m3 LNG C “CORAL METHANE” 6
Use of LNG as fuel: rules & regulations ► BV specific rules: Rule note NR 481, Design and installation of dual fuel engines using low pressure gas Rule Note NR 529, Safety of gas-fuelled engines installation on ships . ► IMO codes: IGC code for reference Interim Guidelines on safety for natural gas-fuelled engine installations in ships, adopted on 01/06/2009 by Resolution MSC.285(86). International code for the safety of gas fuelled ships (IGF Code) in preparation on the basis of the Interim guidelines (expected to come along with SOLAS 2014). It will address natural gas and other gases (butane, propane, hydrogen) and energy conversion systems (e.g. fuel cells). ► Industry guidelines SIGTTO guidelines for ship to ship LNG transfer ► Other involved parties Flag state, Port authorities, … 7
Bunkering ► Bunkering arrangements • For small capacities, non-fixed tanks located onboard the can be arranged, such as containerized tanks or truck trolley tanks. • Bunkering from land based LNG storage facility is also a solution in some circumstances • For larger capacities, bunkering from a dedicated bunker ship will be used. Alternatively, bunkering from LNG terminals is also considered subject to relevant agreements from flag and port authorities and safety analysis. Ship-to-ship LNG transfer system type-approved by BV 8
Case study of a Very Large Container Carrier ► JIP: DSME CMA-CGM and BUREAU VERITAS ► MAN ME-GI engine 2 stroke dual fuel engine Natural gas high pressure supply ► Four dual fuel gen sets ► More than 22,000 m3 LNG ACT-IB storage tanks ► HIVAR fuel gas system with BOG re-condensation ► On-going project with similar type of VLCC but alternative main engine technology Courtesy DSME (gastech 2011) 9
Feeder Container Vessel • Project Partners: VEGA Reederei, MARINE SERVICE and BUREAU VERITAS • Dual fuel main engine • 4 stroke dual fuel engine • Low pressure gas supply • Dual fuel gensets • 38m 3 vacuum insulated containerised storage tanks • Containerized gas treatment system 10
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