Woodfibre LNG Marine Shipping August 6th, 2014 1
Agenda • The Project • LNG shipping o History o Track record o Regulations o Vessel design o Environment o Shipping routes o LNG facilities near urban centres • Discussion 2
Project Small scale LNG processing & export facility • Approx. 2.1 million tonnes of LNG per year 1. Natural gas pre-treatment and liquefaction plant 2. Flare 2 3. Floating storage and offloading 1 (FSO) unit 4. Module load-in quay 3 5. Supporting infrastructure 5 4 3
A brief history – LNG shipping 1959 “ Methane Pioneer” Converted to LNGC 1964 “Methane Princess” & “Methane Progress ” Source: Helderline.nl 1969 First exports of LNG from Alaska to Japan 1982 Japan imports 72% of global LNG for power generation 1991 First LNG shipments from Australia to Japan and South Korea Source: Helderline.nl 2009 Canaport imports Canada’s first LNG in Saint John 2013 US and Canada projects seek to export LNG Source: Calum McClure 4
Safety track record • From 1964 - 2012, there have been more than 140,000 LNG carrier voyages • There are more than 400 LNG carriers in the world, with an additional 100 on order • There has never been an LNG spill Source: Royal Dutch Shell as a result of a loss of LNG containment of an LNG carrier 5
International regulations for LNG carriers • International Maritime Organization (IMO) specialized agency with responsibility for: o Safety and security of shipping: SOLAS o Prevention of marine pollution: MARPOL • International Gas Code (IGC) for Ships Carrying Liquefied Gases in Bulk • Classification Society rules and requirements cover Design, Construction, and Operation against SOLAS and MARPOL • Port State control through Transport Canada • Training (legislative and non legislative) 6
Canadian shipping regulations • Canada Shipping Act regulates domestic and international vessels operating in Canadian waters • Key legislative objectives of the Act are: o Protect the health and well-being of individuals involved in the shipping industry o Promote safety in marine transportation o Protect the marine environment o Establish an effective compliance promotion program • The regulator for shipping in Canada is Transport Canada • All vessels transiting will meet the Canada Shipping Act requirements Source: Transport Canada 7
Industry bodies & best practices - SIGTTO • Society of International Gas Tanker and Terminal Operators (SIGTTO) • Established in 1964 with membership from terminal operators and shipping companies • The organization provides a means through which all industry participants may: • share experiences • address common problems • develop best practices • define standards • Provides a basis for recommended design requirements and operational practices for both terminals and ships 8
Safety is the number one priority • In the aftermath of 9-11, the US Government commissioned Sandia National Laboratories (2004, 2008 and 2011) to study a worst case scenario involving an LNG carrier • The objective is to ensure that an extreme event is analyzed with a view to further improve the safety of the LNG industry • The study simulated, in controlled conditions, a major spill caused by a terrorist attack or other event and then measured possible effects o https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RQ1RsirstDo&feature=y outu.be • The results of the study are used by the industry to further improve the safety and integrity of the LNG industry 9
Transport Canada - TERMPOL Process Woodfibre LNG will complete a voluntary Transport Canada Technical Review Process of Marine Terminal Systems and Transshipment Sites (TERMPOL) for the project • Program managed by Transport Canada and a committee of select government agencies and interested bodies e.g., BC Coast Pilots • Comprehensive risk assessment process to ensure safety of vessel transits from terminal to open ocean • Transit simulations and detailed studies • Process takes approximately 6 – 12 months to complete • Recommendations to improve safety and minimize risk are adopted into the project • Detailed safety procedures and emergency response plans are developed 10
Carrier design – relative sizes Moss LNG Carrier Length: 285m Draft: 11.5m Height: 58m Membrane LNG Carrier Length: 294m Draft: 11.5m Height: 57m Large Container Ship (Sofie Maersk) Length: 347m Draft: 14m Cruise Ship Length: 294m Draft: 8.2m Height: 62m BC Ferries (Coastal Celebration) Length: 160m Draft: 5.7m 11
LNG Carrier design • Double hull cargo tanks and fuel tanks • Four or five cargo tanks at ambient pressure • Containment systems meet IGC code design requirements • Moss – Type B tanks • Membrane Tanks 12
LNG carrier design – features • Capacity is about 160,000m3 for standard vessels • LNG Vessels are highly sophisticated costing in excess of $200M USD per vessel. • High levels of redundancy are provided: • Propulsion • Electrical • Cargo handling systems • Transfer of cargo is undertaken with highly specialized loading arms connected to the vessel and completed in about 20 hours from connection • Ship to shore link – three (3) independent systems to integrate safety systems • Quick shutoff • Quick disconnect to enable the vessel to depart the berth in an emergency • Integrated Automation System ensures extensive alarm and monitoring systems • Firefighting capability onboard the vessel and on the terminal • Operating crew of about 24 people onboard 13
LNG carrier operations • Extensive regulations for operations onshore and onboard the vessel • Regulated competency requirements for crew and onshore personnel • Ships crew are regularly trained and evaluated for competence • State of the art simulators enable crew to manage navigational situations and complete training exercises • Comprehensive training for engineers and cargo operators Source: Maritime Executive Source: Teekay 14
LNG carriers - environment Natural Gas vs Diesel • Natural gas will be the primary fuel of LNG carriers in Howe Sound • Using natural gas instead of diesel to fuel LNG carriers reduces GHG emissions by about 25% • Estimated emissions in tonnes for Howe Sound round trip: Natural Gas Low Sulphur Diesel CO 2 95 130 NO X 1.0 1.7 SO X 0 1.0 Ballast water • Ballast water exchange must be completed at deep sea, >200 Nm offshore, prior to vessels arrival • Future marine legislation will require ballast water to be treated Note: upper limit CO 2 percentage is taken from 2010 DNV The age of LNG is here, other percentages come from 2009 IMO Second IMO GHG study. 15
Coastal shipping route Tethered Tugs for loaded passage 16
Howe Sound shipping route • Vessels will be escorted in Howe Sound • Tugs, with firefighting equipment onboard, will support the berthing operations and remain during loading • Sophisticated assisted docking and mooring monitoring systems • Vessel will be at manoeuvring speed about 8 – 10 knots during transit • Insignificant wake generated by vessels < 10cm at 50m • Noise will be negligible due to low speed and power (approx. 30% of installed power) 17
Coast transit Route In bound Outbound Distance 172 nm 169 nm Transit Time 14 – 15 hours 14 – 15 hours Time in Canadian Waters Approx. 57 hours per round trip Increase in traffic (English Bay) to <1% Ocean Increase in traffic (Howe Sound) Approx. 62% increase However, 10% less activity than when Woodfibre Pulp Mill was operational 18
LNG facilities near urban centres Higashi-Ohgishima LNG Terminal, Tokyo Higashi-Ohgishima LNG Terminal Capacity 1 15.57 mtpa Start-up 1 1984 Type Regas Terminal Status 1 Operational Nearest City Tokyo, Japan City Population 8 35,682,460 Ship Frequency NA Higashi – Image Source: Obayashi.co.jp 2 Ohgishima LNG 19
LNG facilities near urban centres Futtsu LNG Terminal, Tokyo Bay, Japan Futtsu LNG Terminal Capacity 1 20.24 mtpa Start-up 1 1985 Type Regas Terminal Status 1 Operational Nearest City Tokyo, Japan City Population 8 35,682,460 Ship Frequency NA Futtsu LNG Image Source: lngworldnews.com 3 20
LNG facilities near urban centres Barcelona LNG Terminal, Spain Barcelona LNG Terminal Capacity 1 13.31 mtpa Start-up 1 1969 Type Regas Terminal Status 1 Operational Nearest City Barcelona, Spain City Population 8 4,604,000 Ship Frequency NA Image Source: shipspotting.com 4 Barcelona LNG 21
LNG facilities near urban centres Zeebrugge LNG Terminal, Belgium Zeebrugge LNG Terminal Capacity 1 6.62 mtpa Start-up 1 1987 Type Regas Terminal Status 1 Operational Nearest City Bruges, Belgium City Population 8 117,170 Ship Frequency NA Zeebrugge LNG Image Source: kingspantarec.com 5 22
LNG facilities near urban centres Everett LNG Terminal, USA Everett LNG Terminal Capacity 1 5.44 mtpa Start-up 1971 Type Regas Terminal Status 1 Operational, but inactive Nearest City Boston, United States City Population 8 4,180,000 Ship Frequency 60 ships in 2009 6 Everett Image Source: Reuters 7 23
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