Linux, PCs and Energy Efficiency Implications for Linux Developers, OEMs, and IHVs Tom Bolioli, Terra Novum, LLC
Agenda Agenda Demand for Energy- -Efficient Electronics Efficient Electronics • Demand for Energy • ENERGY STAR Program Overview • • ENERGY STAR Program Overview ENERGY STAR Specifications • ENERGY STAR Specifications • • Mobile and other Consumer Electronics Mobile and other Consumer Electronics • • Computers Computers • • Servers Servers • Linux and ENERGY STAR • Linux and ENERGY STAR • Implications for Developers • Implications for Developers • • Additional implications for OEMs and IHVs • Additional implications for OEMs and IHVs
Demand for Energy- -Efficient Efficient Demand for Energy Electronics Electronics Sharply higher energy costs Sharply higher energy costs Growing enterprise focus on IT cost savings Growing enterprise focus on IT cost savings opportunities opportunities Proliferation of consumer electronics in the Proliferation of consumer electronics in the home, and a growing awareness of their energy home, and a growing awareness of their energy use (~15% of home energy costs) use (~15% of home energy costs) Extending battery life for mobile Extending battery life for mobile Government purchasing guidelines Government purchasing guidelines
Demand for Energy- -Efficient PCs Efficient PCs Demand for Energy Upwards of 15% of all IT purchases are mandated Upwards of 15% of all IT purchases are mandated to be ENERGY STAR to be ENERGY STAR Government procurement rules in the USA Government procurement rules in the USA Energy Policy Act of 2005 requires federal agencies to Energy Policy Act of 2005 requires federal agencies to buy ENERGY STAR products buy ENERGY STAR products Executive Order 13423 requires federal agencies to Executive Order 13423 requires federal agencies to enable ENERGY STAR “ “sleep sleep” ” features features enable ENERGY STAR Applies to both monitors and computers Applies to both monitors and computers State and local governments are adopting the same State and local governments are adopting the same requirements requirements European Union and other international European Union and other international governments have similar requirements governments have similar requirements
Computer and Monitor Power Consumption 80 Power in Watts 60 40 Power Use of Computers 20 Power Use of Monitors 0 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 Year Source: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, CCAP (Climate Change Action Plan) Model data, 2006; The Cadmus Group, Inc. unpublished data, 2007
ENERGY STAR Program National symbol of energy efficiency ENERGY STAR-labeled products use less energy, save money and help protect the environment The ENERGY STAR label makes it easy for consumers and businesses to identify high-quality, energy-efficient products Products meet strict energy performance criteria set by EPA or DOE Criteria are detailed in “ Specifications” Voluntary program Partners with over 7,000 organizations Primary Message: Primary Message: “Ask for the ENERGY STAR” “Ask for the ENERGY STAR”
Products categories with specific ENERGY STAR criteria Copiers, fax machines Cordless Phones Digital-to-Analog Converter Boxes (DTAs) DVD Products Home Audio Printers, scanners, all-in-ones Set-Top-Boxes (Cable, Satellite, DVRs, IP TV) Televisions
ENERGY STAR specs for External Power Supplies and Battery Chargers Covers consumer electronics products such as Cell phones/PDAs Digital cameras/camcorders Networking equipment Personal audio/video players & misc. consumer electronics Power tools Power supplies must meet active efficiency and no load power specifications Battery chargers must meet over overall energy performance criteria
ENERGY STAR Computer Specification Helps buyers identify energy-efficient computers Sets wattage limits for a variety of PC configurations Requires manufacturers to test and self-certify PC models Why a new ENERGY STAR spec? High adoption rate of version 3.0 Increase in the number of computers and the number of hours in use calls for a more rigorous spec Shifts focus from standby/sleep power to overall energy use Timing Version 4 Requirements - effective July 20, 2007 Version 5 Requirements - effective July 2009
ENERGY STAR Computer Spec: ENERGY STAR Computer Spec: What’ ’s Covered s Covered What Covered products: Covered products: Desktops Desktops Workstations Workstations Mobile PCs Mobile PCs Desktop- -derived servers (small tower form factor) derived servers (small tower form factor) Desktop Products not covered: Products not covered: Mid- -range and large servers (Covered in server spec) range and large servers (Covered in server spec) Mid Thin clients/blade PCs (Covered in v5) Thin clients/blade PCs (Covered in v5) Handhelds and PDAs Handhelds and PDAs
ENERGY STAR Computer Spec: What’s New Lowers previous power consumption requirements for “sleep” Introduces requirements for idle power consumption Version 5 will add in energy from active workload (above idle) and then base requirements on annualized energy budget Sets efficiency requirements for power supplies Requires power management and wake-on-LAN features to be enabled Sets labeling and marketing requirements
Computer Power Management Requirements Manufacturers must ship desktops, notebooks, and workstations with power management settings enabled Display enters low power mode after 15 min of inactivity Computer goes into low power mode after 30 min Why power management features? Up to $100 annual savings per computer Example: GE is saving $6.5 million All products shipped through enterprise channels must have wake-on-LAN enabled Why Wake-on-LAN? Allows enterprises that require access to sleeping PCs to wake them from sleep states
Labeling and Marketing Requirements Place ENERGY STAR label on product and packaging, product literature, and internet site Work with VARs to ensure products remain in compliance Educate customers about energy savings & environmental benefits
How is “ “idle idle” ” measured? measured? How is System configured as shipped System configured as shipped Includes OEM software preload Includes OEM software preload No applications open No applications open Power measured 10 minutes after boot Power measured 10 minutes after boot Test procedure detailed in specification Test procedure detailed in specification
Preview: ENERGY STAR Computer Specification Version 5 The desktop test procedure will be based on a benchmark workload called “EEcoMark™” BAPCo (makers of MobileMark™ and SysMark™) developing the EEcoMarkbenchmark Workstation workload will be based on a benchmark from SPEC SPEC has developed SPECviewperf, SPECcpu, and others Idle still likely to play a major role ENERGY STAR will likely use the performance and energy numbers in some way to set acceptable power levels
Preview: ENERGY STAR Server Specification EPA Report to Congress identified a need for equipment metrics Potential Criteria for Tier 1 (near term) Power supply efficiency Idle or other low power requirements Standardized/consistent reporting of performance Virtualization and/or power management Access to power and temperature data (i.e., standardized Ethernet protocol) Potential Criteria for Tier 2 (longer term) Energy and performance metric (e.g., performance/watt) Industry efforts underway to develop performance benchmarks that include energy measurements
Preview: ENERGY STAR Server Preview: ENERGY STAR Server Specification cont. Specification cont. Servers covered under EU- -US Agreement US Agreement Servers covered under EU ENERGY STAR server specification proposed as ENERGY STAR server specification proposed as requirement in data center Code of Conduct (final requirement in data center Code of Conduct (final expected in April 2008) expected in April 2008) Server specification timeline Server specification timeline February – – Draft 1 released; April Draft 1 released; April – – webinar; May webinar; May – – February Draft 2 released; June – – stakeholder meeting; July stakeholder meeting; July Draft 2 released; June – Draft 3 released; September Draft 3 released; September – – Final Draft Final Draft – released; October – – final spec final spec released; October EPA also interested in storage equipment, EPA also interested in storage equipment, networking equipment, and uninterruptible networking equipment, and uninterruptible power supplies (UPS) power supplies (UPS) Industry discussions initiated Industry discussions initiated Potential ENERGY STAR development in FY 2009 Potential ENERGY STAR development in FY 2009
Energy Efficiency for Linux Energy Efficiency for Linux Developers Developers
What do we mean by “energy efficient”? Use power more efficiently during periods of activity Use as little power as possible when not active Components/devices should drop into low power modes as often and as deep as possible This is what the ENERGY STAR Computer Spec This is what the ENERGY STAR Computer Spec will ultimately reward will ultimately reward
Power Profile of Active Workload Power Profile of Active Workload Idle is Overhead!
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