GNR 639 GNR 639 : Natural Disaster And Management Lesson 12 Man made disaster 12.01 Prof. R. Nagarajan, CSRE , IIT Bombay
GNR 639 GNR 639 : Natural Disaster And Management Natural Disaster Technological/Man-made Catastrophe Accelerates quickly and has a defined Onset can be instantaneous or long term. Suddenness duration (except with epidemics). Power Floods have been known to kill more Demonstrated Power is historically inferior, however, than a million and plagues have been the potential power is greater known to kill in the tens of millions. Predictability Low predictability (complicated Sometimes a proper statistical risk analysis can give a supercomputer processing too many % likelihood of catastrophic outcomes variables); warnings may come too late. Low point Physical storms and non-human Factory explosions and urban/rural community triggered epidemics do not have a clear accidents have a well defined low point. low point Some technological disasters such as human triggered epidemics come without a clear low point 12.02 Prof. R. Nagarajan, CSRE , IIT Bombay
GNR 639 GNR 639 : Natural Disaster And Management • Chemical industry • Food Processing Industries • Mines • Nuclear plants • Road transportation / chemical disasters • Offshore platforms/ Oil Platforms • Construction Sites • Manufacturing Industries • Fertilizer industries 12.03 Prof. R. Nagarajan, CSRE , IIT Bombay
GNR 639 GNR 639 : Natural Disaster And Management Hazards in Chemical Industries • LPG , Propane (under pressure in liquid phase) • Ammonia (under pressure/refrigeration in liquid phase) • Chlorine (under pressure in liquid phase) • Hydrogen (under pressure in gases) • CO + CH4 (under atmosphere ) 12.04 Prof. R. Nagarajan, CSRE , IIT Bombay
GNR 639 GNR 639 : Natural Disaster And Management Nodal Agencies for Disaster Management • Floods : Ministry of Water Resources, CWC • Cyclones : Indian Meteorological Department • Earthquakes : Indian Meteorological Department • Epidemics : Ministry of Health and Family Welfare • Avian Flu: Ministry of Health, Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry • Chemical Disasters : Ministry of Environment and Forests • Industrial Disasters : Ministry of Labour • Rail Accidents : Ministry of Railways • Air Accidents : Ministry of Civil Aviation • Fire : Ministry of Home Affairs • Nuclear Incidents : Department of Atomic Energy • Mine Disasters : Department of Mines 12.05 Prof. R. Nagarajan, CSRE , IIT Bombay
GNR 639 GNR 639 : Natural Disaster And Management Source courtesy: hrdp-irdm.in 12.06 Prof. R. Nagarajan, CSRE , IIT Bombay
GNR 639 GNR 639 : Natural Disaster And Management Response Recognize Avoid Isolate Notify 12.07 Prof. R. Nagarajan, CSRE , IIT Bombay
GNR 639 GNR 639 : Natural Disaster And Management System Defect Safety Management error Design revision via Training SOP Education Regulations Motivation Policy letters Task design Statement Result Safety Program Defect Containment Operating Error Revise information Fire fighting Engineering Collection Rescue Training Analysis Evacuation Motivation Implementation First aid Mishap Command Error Protecting equipment Training Barriers Education Separation Motivation Task design 12.08 Prof. R. Nagarajan, CSRE , IIT Bombay
GNR 639 GNR 639 : Natural Disaster And Management 12.09 Prof. R. Nagarajan, CSRE , IIT Bombay
GNR 639 GNR 639 : Natural Disaster And Management 12.10 Prof. R. Nagarajan, CSRE , IIT Bombay
GNR 639 GNR 639 : Natural Disaster And Management 12.11 Prof. R. Nagarajan, CSRE , IIT Bombay
GNR 639 GNR 639 : Natural Disaster And Management A major emergency can be defined as an accident/ incident that have potential to cause serious injuries or loss of life. Factors causing industrial emergency are :- on-site emergency Human error which are acts of omission or commission by an operator, designer, constructor or other person creating a hazard that could possibly result in a release of hazardous or flammable material . Equipment failure, in which a mechanical, structural or operating failure results in the release of hazardous or flammable material. External Events in which items outside the unit being reviewed affect the operation of the unit to the extent that the release of hazardous or flammable material is possible. External events include upsets on adjacent units affecting the safe operation of the unit (or node) being studied, loss of utilities, and exposure from weather and seismic activit 12.12 Prof. R. Nagarajan, CSRE , IIT Bombay
GNR 639 GNR 639 : Natural Disaster And Management Technical errors are due to 1) design against internal pressure was not based on the worst-case scenarios; 2) relief valve sizing is based on the single-phase flow, which underestimates the sizing of the relief valves; 3) Back pressure is not considered in the sizing of the relief system; 4) stress analysis calculations have not been taken into consideration; 5) standard specifications are not adhered to in the design phase, e.g. the separating distance between the high risk facilities, and between the high risk facility and other facilities, and the drainage system and final discharge location; 6) lack of consideration of alarms to warn the operator in case of any deviations from the normal operation; 7) High-risk spots were not identified by detailed process hazard analysis; 8) failure of the instrument to detect the operation deviations and 9) The reliability of control system was not considered in many instances. 2 12.13 Prof. R. Nagarajan, CSRE , IIT Bombay
GNR 639 GNR 639 : Natural Disaster And Management Warnings are the signals to the organization’s management that the plant is not operating in safe conditions. Internal warnings are those errors that occur at the organization and appear as mistakes, violations, near misses, accidents, etc. External warnings are those mistakes, and accidents, which occur at similar organizations and the recommendations from an inspection authority. 12.14 Prof. R. Nagarajan, CSRE , IIT Bombay
GNR 639 GNR 639 : Natural Disaster And Management 12.15 Prof. R. Nagarajan, CSRE , IIT Bombay
GNR 639 GNR 639 : Natural Disaster And Management 12.16 Prof. R. Nagarajan, CSRE , IIT Bombay
GNR 639 GNR 639 : Natural Disaster And Management Bhopal gas tragedy Source courtsey: slideshare.net Source courtesy: thewe.cc 12.17 Prof. R. Nagarajan, CSRE , IIT Bombay
GNR 639 GNR 639 : Natural Disaster And Management Protection layer for disaster free society Plant engineering, material, process, control equipments, risk and training, regulatory compliances Dialogue with plant personnel including contractors, disclosure of information of hazards and risk, mitigation, preparedness Dialogue with local Govts, community, disclosure of hazards, risks, preparedness, response, mitigation, 12.18 Prof. R. Nagarajan, CSRE , IIT Bombay
GNR 639 GNR 639 : Natural Disaster And Management Source courtesy: slideshare.net 12.19 Prof. R. Nagarajan, CSRE , IIT Bombay
GNR 639 GNR 639 : Natural Disaster And Management Hazard and operability study ( HAZOP ) is a structured and systematic examination of existing process or operation in order to identify and evaluate problems that may represent risks to personnel or equipment. • Assembly point is a pre determined place, which is safe and away from the plant. In case of emergency, personnel evacuated from the affected areas are to be assembled • Alarm system varies and will depend on the size of the works area. Simple fire bell, hand operated siren – break open type, fire alarm etc. Automatic alarm may be needed for highly hazardous nature of plant . • Communication is a key component to control an emergency. Walky Talky and Telephone (internal & external & satellite phone) are mandatory for a plant. • Siren for emergency should be different from the normal siren. The emergency siren should be audible to a distance of 5 KM radius. The emergency siren should be used only in case of emergency. • Evacuation of all non-essential staff should be carried from the emergency site. As soon as the emergency siren rings the workers have to shut down the plant and move to the assembly point. The plant shut down procedure in case of emergency should be prepared and kept ready and responsible person should be nominated for the purpose. 12.20 Prof. R. Nagarajan, CSRE , IIT Bombay
GNR 639 GNR 639 : Natural Disaster And Management Escape route from each and every plant should be clearly marked. The escape route is the shortest route to reach out of the plant area to open area, which leads to assembly point. Counting of Personnel : Time office person should collect the details of personnel arriving at the assembly point. These should be checked with the attendances of regular workers, contract workers present in the site on the day of emergency. All Clear Signal : After control of emergency the Work Incident Controller will communicate to the works main controller about the cessation of emergency. Mutual Aid System : should be introduced among industries so that in case of emergency necessary help from mutual aid partner may be extended Off-site Emergency Plan shall be prepared by the District Collector in consultation with the factory management and Govt. agencies. 12.21 Prof. R. Nagarajan, CSRE , IIT Bombay
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