Water Management and Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) Omdiyar Fund - PDF document

Water Management and Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) Omdiyar Fund Overview • Disaster Management and Water Management • Disaster Management and Water Management • Comparison of Water and Disaster Management at Community Level • Earthquakes & Impact on Groundwater on Small Coral Islands • [Ch] Trends of Aid in Post- disaster Environments [Ch] Trends of Aid in Post disaster Environments • [Op] SurfAid Model and Role of Philanthropy for Tapping Funds • Lesson Learnt 1

SurfAid International • Vision is to improve the health, well-being, and self-reliance of people living in isolated regions. • Mission is to … develop and synthesize a series of proven, high impact, and cost effective approaches that create lasting improvements approaches that create lasting improvements … in the health and wellbeing …. of individuals and communities at … increasing scale. Program focus • Health • Water and sanitation • Water and sanitation • Emergency Preparedness • Emergency Recovery • Psycho- Social Support 2

West Sumatra Islands Basin • Joined the HELP UNESCO River Basin Network during the third call in 2008 • The Basin is at early stage in development • Stakeholder participation is ongoing at the village and local government levels • Strives to become a leader in the global network with a focus on – ‘water, health and emergencies.’ Site locations 3

History of Earthquakes in Western Sumatra Sept 30, 09 7.9 Quake Sept 12 &13, 07 8.4 and 7.9 Quakes Part 1: Disaster Part 1: Disaster Management and Water Management and Water Management Management 4

Disaster Risk Management Cycle Disaster Risk • Risk arises when hazards when hazards interact with vulnerabilities & resilience 5

Hydro Meteorological Risk y g • Weather-related hazards accounted for over 76% of natural disasters over the last two decades. • Climate change is highly likely to increase the frequency and severity of weather-related hazards Disasters Reported 365/ year 195/ year 195/ year Time trend of reported Time trend of reported natural disasters, 1975– 2008 Source: Disaster Risk Reduction policy AusAID 2009. 6

Comparisons between DRR & Comparisons between DRR & IWRM IWRM Comparison of community based DRR & IWRM 7

History of Earthquakes in Western Sumatra Pagai, Mentawai Sept 12 &13, 2007 8.4 and 7.9 Quakes A prepared community • The earthquakes Padang, W Sumatra destroyed 50 per cent of destroyed 50 per cent of the small village and more than 60 houses • There were no casualties from about 150 families and a population of 625 Silabu, North Pagai Sept 12 &13, 2007 8.4 and 7.9 Quakes 8

Prepared communities in Mentawai SurfAid & communities emergency preparedness activities • erected signposts pointing to an evacuation site. • Children participated in earthquake simulation drills at school • • families prepared families prepared emergency bags with essential documents and emergency items. Cost effectiveness • World Bank and IFRC have found that for each dollar invested in disaster risk reduction, two to ten dollars are saved in avoided or reduced disaster response in avoided or reduced disaster response and recovery costs. • Being prepared saves lives 9

History of Earthquakes in Western Sumatra Earthquake Impacts on Earthquake Impacts on Earthquake Impacts on Earthquake Impacts on ground water of Nias Islands ground water of Nias Islands 10

Earthquakes and Groundwater • Seismic waves have two main types of effects on groundwater levels: oscillations , and "permanent" offsets • Wells may exhibit seismic oscillations from for any earthquakes of M7 occurring within a distance of earthquakes of M7 occurring within a distance of 3000-4000 km • Wells that exhibit "long-term" offsets tend to do so for larger, nearer earthquakes Raised Reef 11

Raised Reef 2 Post Earthquake dry well - Hinako Islands 12

Post Disaster Nias • Massive structural damage to natural and man made environments made environments • Massive influx of humanitarian aid • Nias in 2010 has on undergone massive reconstruction with roads and health infrastructure ‘ built back better’ but • Majority of the focus has been on infrastructure M j it f th f h b i f t t and short term sectoral programs and • many basic needs of remote communities remains unmet Trends in Aid 13

Challenges in post disaster Challenges in post disaster envrons envrons • Sustainability of short sectoral focused S stainabilit of short sectoral foc sed programs • Bringing the interventions to scale • Continuing funds streams after post disaster period disaster period Object 2 of Malaysia HELP Symposium • aims to identify business opportunities for water sector to integrate into an expanding environmental services industry • A model of successful engagement of private sector to support environmental services in post disaster environments 14

Op 1: Tapping Philanthropy Finding a niche & opening the tap Finding a niche & opening the tap Finding a niche & opening the tap Finding a niche & opening the tap SurfAid International • Started in 2000 with a vision to be the Surf Industry’s “vehicle of choice for humanitarian response” • Recognized a gap and sought to become the conscience for the industry the conscience for the industry • In 2010 we celebrate 10 years • to improve the health, well-being, and self- reliance of people living in isolated regions 15

SurfAid experience in Nias • In post disaster Nias worked with UNICEF to build 100 latrines and water facilitates build 100 latrines and water facilitates • Between 2008 - 2009 massive withdraw of aid organization from Nias • Yet many inaccessible communities remained with need for improved access to sanitation or drinking water • Committed funds were withdrawn • SurfAid long term commitment to the Area and the people Commitment, Concepts & connections, Commitment, Concepts & connections Field Collaboration Social Social National and Entrepreneurial Entrepreneurial feedback Spirit Spirit International 16

Donor Cluster for water in post disaster environment • Funded by Omidyar Network • Funds to delivery of 64 improved water and • Funds to delivery of 64 improved water and sanitation facilities (21 latrines) • Opportunity to join HELP UNESCO • Opportunity to shift community focus from dole out to self empowerment • Opportunity to focus on behavior change and Opportunity to focus on behavior change and build foundation for sustainable outcomes Latrines built Donor Target = 21 Latrines Community Target = 337 latrines Current total = 257 Latrines 17

Lessons Learnt and Opportunities 1. DRR can and should be Integrated in WM 18

WatSan in post disaster environments • Reduces human suffering • Improves environmental • Improves environmental quality • Should be seen and used as an entry point for more holistic water management • ‘Build back better’ - not just physically but socially, physically but socially economically and environmentally. • Believe in the entrepreneurial spirit of communities Potential to integrate business sector Tapping Philanthropy Corporate Engagement 1. Local Catalysts Source: Driving innovation from the base of the Pyramid, S Hart 19

‘There remains a lack of understanding of the intrinsic links between disaster risk reduction and the broader water risk reduction and the broader water agenda’ World Water Development Report ‘Only by investing in tangible [disaster] risk reduction measures can we risk reduction measures can we reduce vulnerability and protect development gains’ Ban Ki Moon, Secretary-General of the United Nations, 2008 20