Coordinating the disaster response: Coordinating the disaster res onse: Coordinating the disaster res Coordinating the disaster response: onse: Coordinating the disaster response: Coordinating the disaster res onse: THE THE BE BE NE NE FITS THAT SE FITS THAT SE NSORS CAN BRING TO DISASTE NSORS CAN BRING TO DISASTE R R THE THE THE THE BE BE BE BE NE NE NE NE FITS THAT SE FITS THAT SE FITS THAT SE FITS THAT SE NSORS CAN BRING TO DISASTE NSORS CAN BRING TO DISASTE NSORS CAN BRING TO DISASTE NSORS CAN BRING TO DISASTE R R R R MITIGATION MITIGATION MITIGATION MITIGATION MITIGATION MITIGATION Ronald Jackson Ronald Jackson Director General (Actg.) Director General (Actg.) Office of Disaster Preparedness and E mergency Management Office of Disaster Preparedness and E mergency Management 1
Outline Outline � Introduction to Sensors; � Introduction to Sensors; � Current example in Jamaica � Current example in Jamaica � (ODPEM-WRA; Earthquake Unit, Met Services � (ODPEM-WRA; Earthquake Unit, Met Services � Sensors: challenges in Information gathering and � Sensors: challenges in Information gathering and management; management; � The importance of situational awareness to enhance � The importance of situational awareness to enhance disaster management disaster management � Ongoing Development at ODPEM � Ongoing Development at ODPEM 2
Introduction Introduction � Unplanned Settlements � Unplanned Settlements � The global experience Increased � The global experience Increased occurrences in natural disasters occurrences in natural disasters � Significant Damage in billions of dollars � Significant Damage in billions of dollars � The Challenge is therefore to predict, � The Challenge is therefore to predict, forecast and manage hazards to reduce forecast and manage hazards to reduce threat to life and property threat to life and property � Advance sensing systems are therefore � Advance sensing systems are therefore an important tool in this regard an important tool in this regard 3
What are sensors? What are sensors? � Physical device (most are electrical) � Physical device (most are electrical) that detects a signal suggesting a that detects a signal suggesting a change in the normal state change in the normal state � Links directly/indirectly through a � Links directly/indirectly through a computer, so that the value sensed computer, so that the value sensed becomes human readable; becomes human readable; 4
Why Sensor Use I n Disaster Why Sensor Use I n Disaster Management? Management? � To take preventive measures to avert � To take preventive measures to avert disasters disasters � It allows integration and analysis of � It allows integration and analysis of spatial and temporal disaster data spatial and temporal disaster data � Aids the modeling and simulation � Aids the modeling and simulation disasters more precisely. disasters more precisely. � Allows for real-time decision making � Allows for real-time decision making and enhance emergency response and enhance emergency response capabilities. capabilities. 5
Examples in Jamaica Examples in Jamaica � Met Services � Met Services � Weather stations � Weather stations � Radar � Radar � Rainfall Gauges � Rainfall Gauges � ODPEM/WRA � ODPEM/WRA � Telemetric Early Warning Systems and Community Flood � Telemetric Early Warning Systems and Community Flood Warning systems Warning systems � Stream Flow Gauges � Stream Flow Gauges � Seismic Unit � Seismic Unit � Ground Acceleration Stations � Ground Acceleration Stations � Seismic subsystem � Seismic subsystem � Sea-level subsystem � Sea-level subsystem 6
Challenges of the use of Challenges of the use of Sensors Sensors � Reliability (e.g. incomplete information needs to be � Reliability (e.g. incomplete information needs to be detected); detected); � Performance: guarantees efficiency; � Performance: guarantees efficiency; � Maintenance and training: in-house capability; � Maintenance and training: in-house capability; � Cost: benefit/profitable; � Cost: benefit/profitable; � Security (e.g. hostile environment); � Security (e.g. hostile environment); � Technological upgrade; � Technological upgrade; 7 � Supporting infrastructure to maximize use of technology � Supporting infrastructure to maximize use of technology
Information Challenges Information Challenges � Credibility of Data � Credibility of Data � Availability (data exists but are not � Availability (data exists but are not easy to locate or difficult and costly to easy to locate or difficult and costly to acquire) acquire) � Standardization � Standardization � Maximizing the utility of available � Maximizing the utility of available information information � Interoperability � Interoperability 8
Situational Awareness to support Situational Awareness to support Mitigation Mitigation A process of monitoring vulnerabilities A process of monitoring vulnerabilities and comparing them with possible and comparing them with possible threats thereby allowing for critical threats thereby allowing for critical decisions to be taken at all stages of decisions to be taken at all stages of the disaster cycle the disaster cycle 9
Situational Awareness Situational Awareness WHAT IS AT RISK? WHAT IS AT RISK? � Infrastructure � Infrastructure � Critical Facilities � Critical Facilities � Human Settlements � Human Settlements 10
Situational Awareness to support Situational Awareness to support Mitigation Mitigation � Allows for vulnerable population and � Allows for vulnerable population and disaster management persons to be disaster management persons to be aware of the details of their aware of the details of their vulnerability vulnerability � Allows for mitigation decisions to be � Allows for mitigation decisions to be made made � Builds support for programmes and � Builds support for programmes and activities which support mitigation activities which support mitigation 11
Situational Awareness to support Situational Awareness to support Mitigation Mitigation � Allows for planners to have an in depth � Allows for planners to have an in depth understanding of vulnerable population, understanding of vulnerable population, vulnerable areas, hazards and sectors vulnerable areas, hazards and sectors at risk at risk � Allows for appropriate planning � Allows for appropriate planning measures to be put in place measures to be put in place 12
Situational awareness provided at Situational awareness provided at all stages of the Disaster Cycle all stages of the Disaster Cycle Mitigation Preparedness GIS Planning DISASTER Recovery Response Rehabilitation Reconstruction 13
Situational Awareness to support Situational Awareness to support Mitigation Mitigation � Short Term � Medium � Short Term � Medium � Early Warning � Training � Early Warning � Training � Pre-impact activities � Public Awareness � Pre-impact activities � Public Awareness � Evacuation � Shelter Program � Evacuation � Shelter Program � Contingency � Long Term � Contingency � Long Term Planning Planning � Land use Planning � Land use Planning � Structural Mitigation � Structural Mitigation � Building Community � Building Community � Reconstruction � Reconstruction Resilience Resilience � Relocation � Relocation 14
Situational Awareness Situational Awareness WHERE IS THE INCIDENT? WHERE IS THE INCIDENT? 15
MITIGATION MITIGATION HOW CAN THAT RISK BE REDUCED? HOW CAN THAT RISK BE REDUCED? � Structural Mitigation � Structural Mitigation � Non Structural Mitigation � Non Structural Mitigation � GIS allows you to spatially represent � GIS allows you to spatially represent areas at risk and the level of Risk areas at risk and the level of Risk associated with a particular Hazard. associated with a particular Hazard. � This in turn guides decision making as to � This in turn guides decision making as to possible Mitigation measures. possible Mitigation measures. 16
Tools towards establishing Tools towards establishing situational awareness situational awareness � Telecommunications equipment � Telecommunications equipment � Situation Reports � Situation Reports � GIS Mapping � GIS Mapping � Remotely Sensed Data (Satellite) � Remotely Sensed Data (Satellite) � Weather Radar � Weather Radar � Gauges � Gauges � Stream flow � Stream flow � Rain Gauges � Rain Gauges 17
Tools towards establishing Tools towards establishing situational awareness situational awareness •Electronic Message Handling System (EMHS) 18
Damage Assessment Damage Assessment WHAT HAS BEEN WHAT HAS BEEN DAMAGED? DAMAGED? Map 5: Road Networks Impacted by Hurricane Dennis 19
3D MODEL OF PORT MARIA SHOWING THE 3D MODEL OF PORT MARIA SHOWING THE HURRICANE ALLEN STORM SURGE BOUNDARY HURRICANE ALLEN STORM SURGE BOUNDARY 20
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