Introduction to Security Cooperation Management Lesson #0107 1 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Introduction to Security Cooperation Management Lesson #0107 1 October 2018 1

Program Definitions 2

Security Assistance  Economic & military assistance to partner nations under State Department authority  Supports USG foreign policy and national security objectives  Deliverables: Can include Defense articles, services, and training  Terms of Transfer: Sale, grant, loan, or lease 3

Key Legal and Policy Guidelines for SA  Arms Export Control Act (AECA)  International Traffic in Arms Regulations (ITAR)  Security Assistance Management Manual (SAMM)  Foreign Assistance Act (FAA)  Security Assistance Management Manual (SAMM) 4

Major Security Assistance Programs Administered Administered by DoD by DoS   Foreign Military Sales (FMS) Direct Commercial Sales (DCS)   Foreign Military Financing (FMF) Economic Support Fund (ESF)   International Military Education International Narcotics Control and Training (IMET) and Law Enforcement (INCLE)   Excess Defense Articles (EDA) Nonproliferation, Antiterrorism, Demining, and Related  Leases of Equipment Programs (NADR)  Peacekeeping Operations (PKO) 5

Foreign Military Sales (FMS)  Sales authorized by the AECA from DoD stock or through DoD procurement of defense articles and services (including training)  Either country cash or USG-provided credit AECA § 21 and 22 6

FMS (U.S. Remains the Provider of Choice) Sales Trends (In Billions of Dollars) 80 69.1 70 60 47.09 50 41.9 36.38 38.09 40 34.2 31.6 30 33.6 32.1 20.98 27.81 20 23.29 US 13.53 13 12.51 31% 10 10.58 0 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 08 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 FY2017 Statistics Title 22: $38.0B Title 10: $3.9B Total: $41.9B Source: Congressional Research Service report, December 2015 7

Foreign Military Financing (FMF)  Appropriated to the President, allocated by DoS/FA  Administered by DoD/DSCA in consultation with DoS/FA and USD(C) to fund the purchase of defense articles and services  Normally used to fund FMS cases  Funding  Requested by POTUS: $5.347 Billion  Recommended by Senate: $5.9365 Billion  Recommended by House: $6.361 Billion AECA § 23 8

International Military Education and Training (IMET)  Military training authorized by the FAA on a grant basis to foreign military and related civilian personnel which can occur both in the United States and in overseas (with waiver)  Includes Expanded IMET Program  Appropriated to the President and allocated by DoS  Administered by DoD/DSCA in consultation with DoS  Funding  Requested by POTUS: $95 Million  Recommended by Senate: $110.68 Million  Recommended by House: $110.875 Million 9

Direct Commercial Sales (DCS)  Commercial export sales authorized by the AECA  Generally country cash not an appropriation  Administered by DoS in consultation with DoD  Licensed by DoS Directorate of Defense Trade Controls (DDTC) using the ITAR  Export licenses normally valid for a four year period  Sales may or may not take place  Annual Report to Congress on defense articles and services licensed for export  FY2017 - $111.8B AECA § 38 10

Security Cooperation Definition The term “security cooperation programs and activities of the Department of Defense” means any program, activity (including an exercise), or interaction of the Department of Defense with the security establishment of a foreign country to achieve a purpose as follows:  To build and develop allied and friendly security capabilities for self-defense and multinational operations.  To provide the armed forces with access to the foreign country during peacetime or a contingency operation.  To build relationships that promote specific United States security interests. Title 10, United States Code 301 (10 USC 301) enacted by FY17 NDAA 11

DoD Objectives (the ABCs)  Gain Access – overflight/landing, coastal/port or overland access to move personnel and equipment, or for refueling or resupply enroute  Build Relationships – for potential engagement and participation in future peacekeeping or conflict operations (or not to interfere with them)  Develop/Enhance Capabilities – ensure partner nation has training and equipment to defend itself or to participate in PKO or conflict operations 12

Selected DoD SC Programs DoD Authorized  Exercises  322, Special Operations Forces: Training with Friendly Foreign Forces  345, Regional Defense Combating Terrorism Fellowship Program (CTFP)  Counter-Narcotics Assistance  342, Centers for Security Studies  Afghanistan Security Forces Fund (ASFF)  341, DoD State Partnership Program  International Armaments Cooperation  Acquisition and Cross Servicing Agreements  Building Partner Capacity  Humanitarian Assistance and Demining Assistance Green Book C.1 13

DoD Policy on Security Cooperation  An important tool of national security and foreign policy  An integral element of the DoD mission  SC planners (SCOs, GCCs, IAs, JCS, etc.) shall consider and coordinate with complementary USG activities  DoD will maintain a robust program of assessment, monitoring, and evaluation of security cooperation  No commitments to partner nations without USG assurance that such commitments can be met and are in U.S. best interests (no false impressions) Title 10, United States Code 301 (10 USC 301) enacted by FY17 NDAA 14

Security Assistance Programs Within Security Cooperation SC Programs SA Programs DoD DoS [10 U.S.C.] [22 U.S.C.] FMS DCS Exercises FMF ESF 333 IMET INCLE 342, RCSS EDA NADR Leases HA/HMA PKO IAC DCS = Direct Commercial Sales 333 – Foreign Security Forces: Authority to ESF = Economic Support Fund Build Capacity INCLE = International Narcotics Control RCSS –Regional Centers for Security Studies and Law Enforcement FMS = Foreign Military Sales HA/HMA = Humanitarian Assistance/ NADR = Nonproliferation, Anti-Terrorism, FMF = Foreign Military Financing Humanitarian Mine Action Demining, and Related Programs IMET = International Military Education and Training IAC = International Armaments Cooperation PKO = Peacekeeping Operations EDA = Excess Defense Articles 15

Select SC Programs DoD Funded Global Security Contingency Fund (GSCF) DoS Funded Nonproliferation, JOINT Funded Anti-terrorism, Foreign Security Forces: Demining and Authority to Build Capacity ( § 333, Chap 16, 10 U.S.C.) Related Programs (NADR) Afghanistan Security Forces Peacekeeping Operations Fund (ASFF) (PKO) and Global Peace Operations Initiative (GPOI) European Reassurance Initiative (ERI) Program International Narcotics Control & Law Enforcement (INCLE) Coalition Readiness Support Program (CRSP) Pakistan Counterinsurgency Fund/ DoD Counter Narcotics Counterinsurgency Capability Fund (10 U.S.C.: § 333, Chap 16 & § 384, Chap 18) (PCF/PCCF) Iraq Train & Equip Fund (ITEF) SAMM C15.1.4 16

Organizations 17

Some Key SC Organizational Terms  SC Enterprise (SCE): The network of entities engaged in any element of SC programs, either as providers or beneficiaries. This includes U.S. government (USG) agencies, Congress, foreign partners, and industry  SC Community: A subset of USG executive branch entities within the SCE directly responsible for managing or executing SC programs or the policies that affect them  SC Workforce: Employees of USG agencies within the SC community 18

USG Security Cooperation Major Players  Congress  Authorizes programs and appropriates funding  Exercises oversight  State Department  Determines which countries can have programs  Determines which sales, leases and transfers will be made  Issues export licenses for commercial sales  Determines foreign assistance funding levels  Defense Department  Has extensive input on security cooperation policy  Determines what is available for sale or lease  Recommends foreign assistance funding levels  Implements FMS Program, FMF and other funding  Implements International Military Education (IMET)  Under Secretary of Defense for Policy oversees all foreign policy matters for DoD  DSCA is DoD’s focal point for Security Cooperation  The Implementing Agencies and Combatant Commands execute the programs 19

Department of State SA Responsibilities  General direction of foreign assistance  Program determination by country  Integration of programs to support U.S. national objectives 20

Department of State Relationships President of the United States Administrator, Chief, U.S. Diplomatic U.S. Agency for Secretary of State Mission International Development (USAID) Under Secretary for Director, Under Secretary for Arms Political Affairs (P) U.S. Foreign Assistance (F) Control and International Security Affairs (T) Africa South - Central Asia Europe - Senior Defense Eurasia Official/Defense West Assistant Secretary for Attaché East Asia - Hemi Political-Military Affairs (SDO/DATT) Pacific (PM) Near East Int’l Orgs Directorate of Defense Office of Regional Security Cooperation Defense Attaché Trade Controls (DDTC) Security and Arms Organization (SCO) Office (DAO) Transfers (RSAT) Office of Congressional Office of Security & Public Affairs (CPA) Assistance (SA) 21