MIC’s International Cooperation in the field of ICT for Disaster Management Kazuhiro Wada, International Cooperation Division, Global ICT Strategy Bureau, Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications (MIC), Japan June 6, 2016 ITU Asia Pacific Regional Development Forum 2016: ICTs for Smart Sustainable Asia-Pacific
2 Basic Facts and Concepts MIC’s approach MIC’s Cooperation in the field of ICT for Disaster Management
3 Basic Facts and Concepts MIC’s approach MIC’s Cooperation in the field of ICT for Disaster Management
Damage by disasters all over the world since 2000 4 Source ： UNISDR E arthquakes caused the most e conomic damage - this w as also the year of the G rea t E ast 371 Billion Storms caused the most e conomic Japan E arthquake . damage - this w as also the year of E arthquakes caused the most e conomic Hurricane Katrina. 251 Billion damage - this w as also the year of the Sichuan earthquake in C hina. 203 Billion 165 Billion 138 Billion 138 Billion 82 Billion 66 Billion 61 Billion 35 Billion 87 Billion D A M A G E 39 Billion 50 Billion 0 D rought affe cted most people - this w as also the year of major 659 M illion d rought in India and C hina Floods affe cted most people - this w as also the year of major flooding in south and cen tral parts of C hina 255 M illion 222 M illion 212 M illion 211 M illion 174 M illion 255 M illion 162 M illion 161 M illion AFFECTED 199 M illion 106 M illion 109 M illion 126 M illion 0 E arthquakes killed Storms killed the most people - the most people - this E arthquakes killed the most people 304812 this w as also the year of C yclone w as also the year of - this w as also the year of Indian O cean earthquake and tsunami NARGIS the Haiti earthquake . 244880 241567 113513 93076 39496 29893 16666 KILLED 9330 33825 22424 21342 15264 0 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
International Financing of DRR 5 Japan contributes to “mainstreaming of disaster risk reduction” in the international society. “Mainstreaming of disaster risk reduction” is to make disaster risk reduction (DRR) the most preferential subject and to introduce disaster preparedness in all development policies and projects. International financing of disaster risk reduction (DRR) in 1991-2010 (Bilateral and multilateral donors: Total $13.5 billion) World Bank $ 3.57 billion = 25.7% Japan $ 3.75 billion = 27.6% Among bilateral donors, Japan’s share is 64%. Source: Financing Disaster Risk Reduction (2013)
The Third UN World Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction 6 • Date: 14-18 March 2015 • Venue: Sendai City, JAPAN • More than 6,500 participants including heads of states government, ministers and representatives from 187 Member States, and 150,000 visitors • Adoption of: - Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 - Sendai Declaration • Sendai DRR Cooperative Initiative (by Japan)
International Agenda 7 International Agenda Sendai Framework Seven Global Targets The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development • Reduce mortality, disaster economic loss, etc. • Adopted at the UN GA in September 2015 • Increase countries with • Clearly include DRR in their targets DRR strategy, etc. COP21 New Perspectives • Conference in Paris in November 30th to December 11th, 2015 • Investment in DRR • Prioritize DRR as an important element of • Build Back Better adaptation to the impact of climate change • Focus on Stakeholders Mainstreaming Disaster Risk Reduction Disaster risk reduction is mainstreamed when countries define DRR as a priority issue and include DRR in all development policies and plans. By mainstreaming DRR, investment in DRR is enhanced and lead to disaster resilient country. 7
ITU’s Initiative on Disaster Management and ICT 8 Smart Sustainable Development Model (SSDM) The ITU’s SSDM initiative pursue constructing a framework to utilize ICT by associating ICT for development (ICT4D) and ICT for disaster management (ICD4DM). This initiative aims at both the “development” to bridge the digital divide and the “utilization” of ICT for disaster management. Target areas of SSDM Policies, regulations, Finance, partnerships, Infrastructure and new and enlightenment and business models technology ICT for development (ICT4D) Funding and cooperation Rapid response for the associated with ICT for disaster of parties concerned minimization of disaster management (ICT4DM) damage To link ICT4D and ICT4DM for the effective use of resources: • A funding mechanism for Roles of government: • ICT utilization in response to each infrastructure development phase of disaster • Development of risk with consideration of • A connection between the analysis and government’s disaster response disaster response plan and utilization of ICT countermeasures in • Partnerships such as those disaster preparation between the government, Ensuring communications infrastructure in times of disaster: • Flexible operation of the the private sector, and civil • Relaxation of communication society radio licensing system in congestion, early recovery of times of disaster communication, the utilization of satellite communication, and response to a power shortage
Role of ICT for Disaster Reduction Activities 9 Information transmission in each stage is an important element to realize more effective disaster reduction activities. It is important to implement information transmission within and between parties concerned, that is, public organizations as well as residents and mass media; and effective and efficient disaster management through ICT based on such information transmission. Major potential use of ICT in each stage is shown in the figure below. Observation and forecast in Mitigation preparation for future disaster Transmitting recovery information to victims, and recovering Providing knowledge communication network Recovery Preparedness and sharing methods for disaster ICT management Promptly collecting and transmitting rescue and evacuation information, Disaster and transmitting caution Response and warning messages
10 Basic Facts and Concepts MIC’s approach MIC’s Cooperation in the field of ICT for Disaster Management
CONCE PT “3S” : Features of ICT for DM 11 1 Seamless Seamless between Seamless in Time Seamless in Space Organizations Responsible for DRR • Information Sharing among • Cross-regional and cross- • Mutual Information Sharing Systems in Each Phase of border Information sharing among National Prevention, Emergency • ICT as Social Infrastructure Government, Local Response, • Resolving Digital Divide to Governments and Recovery/Reconstruction Realize Disaster Information Communities • Utilizing Past Disaster Transmission not Restricted • Information Sharing within Information for Future Disaster by Geological Conditions Respective Organizations Prediction • Providing appropriate • Information Transmission to • Prompt Information Sharing disaster information based Residents and Communities When Disaster Occurs on local ICT infrastructure through Various Media 2 • To make communication networks resilient • To enhance information security Strengthen • To utilize ICT to make social infrastructure resilient • ICT utilization when disaster occurs to visualize disaster 3 situation • Sensor networks to collect big data Smart • Big data utilization to predict disaster with high precision
ICT for Disaster Management 12 Information distribution is an important factor for disaster management. Effective and efficient disaster management is made possible by ICT. ICT for disaster management can be classified into 4 stages. Information Observation Analysis Accumulation Dissemination / Collection (Centralization) Emergency alarm Sensor Meteorological broadcast Data Center Radar One-seg mobile terminal Integrated Disaster Management Information System Camera Satellite Disaster prevention administrative radio, Observation ICT disaster prevention unit, etc.
Disaster Information Delivery to Residents (L-Alert) 13 Accumulation Observation Analysis/Centralization Delivery Information Provider Information Communicator Local Resident TV operator Digital TV Central Satellite Cable Observation government L-Alert Terrestrial Radio operator Radio Prefectures Connected Various Meteorological with types Radar standard of Web format distribution format Net operator Collection, Mobile phone Municipal ・ Smartphone Format conversion, government Sensor Mobile phone operator and Distribution Outdoor Loudspeaker Municipal Camera Disaster Radio Home Receiver Broadcast System Municipal office ※ L-Alert : 832 groups including 47 prefectures are participating. (33 out of 47 prefectures distributes information in practice) Direct information distribution without L-Alert from information provider also existed.
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