Introduction to AIM/Enduse[Air] AIM APEIS TWS in NIES Date Oct. 18 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Introduction to AIM/Enduse[Air] AIM APEIS TWS in NIES Date Oct. 18 Takeshi Fujiwara Kyoto University

Purpose • To calculate diffusion of air pollutant emitted from three kinds of sources: – LPS: emission from large point source which has a tall stack, such as power plant, boiler or reactor in factory, waste incinerator, and so on. – AS: area source having a lower emission point, such as factory having a low stack, transporters, houses, fields, and so on. – LS: line source such as traffic road.

Characteristics • Air quality modeling in the framework of AIM family • One of supplementary models of AIM/Enduse • SO2, NOx, are target pollutants.. (SPM is the third target of pollutant) • Pollutant concentration in every hour during specified period is calculated. • Evaluation of health risk related to energy use through calculation of air pollutant concentration.

(A) (A) AIM/Air General Data Flow Diagram AIM/Air General Data Flow Diagram Emission Emission Emission Emission AIM/Local AIM/Local AIM/Local AIM/Local projection projection projection projection (B) (B) A-GIS A-GIS A-GIS A-GIS (C) (C) Emission Emission Target area Target area Target area patterns patterns AGIS.rst AGIS.rst AGIS.rst AGIS.rst editGmap editGmap editGmap editEpat editEpat convAGIS convAGIS convAGIS convAGIS Meteorological data Meteorological data Meteorological data Meteorological data gmap.air gmap.air gmap.air epat.air epat.air (D) (D) agis.air agis.air agis.air agis.air ECMWF ECMWF ECMWF ECMWF Local measurement Local measurement Local measurement Local measurement LPS LPS LPS LPS LPS LPS AS AS AS AS AS AS local.air local.air local.air local.air readGRBX readGRBX readGRBX readGRBX editLPS editLPS editLPS editLPS (E) (E) editAS editAS editAS editAS Integration Integration Integration Integration Integration Integration Integration Integration u.air u.air u.air u.air u.air u.air u.air u.air u.air u.air u.air u.air of LPS of LPS of LPS of LPS of AS of AS of AS of AS emission data emission data emission data emission data emission data emission data emission data emission data emitLPS.air emitLPS.air emitLPS.air emitLPS.air emitAS.air emitAS.air emitAS.air emitAS.air software software stabLPS stabLPS stabLPS stabLPS (F) (F) stabAS stabAS stabAS stabAS Stability Stability Stability Stability Stability Stability Stability Stability file file calculation calculation calculation calculation calculation calculation calculation calculation for LPS for LPS for LPS for LPS for AS for AS for AS for AS stabLPS.air stabLPS.air stabLPS.air stabLPS.air stabAS.air stabAS.air stabAS.air stabAS.air (H) (H) Concentration Concentration visualization visualization diff diff Viewer Viewer diff.air diff.air viewCont viewCont (G) (G) Diffusion Diffusion Concentration Concentration calculation calculation (Connect to health impact assessment module) (Connect to health impact assessment module)

Develop a database of emission patterns representing hourly, daily, and Edit large point source (LPS) data. Select an (A) (A) AIM/Air General Data Flow Diagram AIM/Air General Data Flow Diagram monthly changes in emission, sector emission pattern of the LPS from the defined Emission Emission Emission Emission AIM/Local AIM/Local AIM/Local AIM/Local by sector . patterns. Moreover, edit area source (AS) projection projection projection projection data. Select an emission pattern of each cell (B) (B) A-GIS A-GIS A-GIS A-GIS (C) (C) from the defined patterns. Emission Emission Target area Target area Target area patterns patterns AGIS.rst AGIS.rst AGIS.rst AGIS.rst editGmap editGmap editGmap editEpat editEpat convAGIS convAGIS convAGIS convAGIS Meteorological data Meteorological data Meteorological data Meteorological data gmap.air gmap.air gmap.air epat.air epat.air (D) (D) agis.air agis.air agis.air agis.air ECMWF ECMWF ECMWF ECMWF Local measurement Local measurement Local measurement Local measurement LPS LPS LPS LPS LPS LPS AS AS AS AS AS AS local.air local.air local.air local.air Calculate the index of atmospheric stability for readGRBX readGRBX readGRBX readGRBX The interface between AIM/Enduse and AIM/Air. each LPS and each cell of AS. Diffusion Convert the pollutant emission from each district parameter corresponding to the index is calculated Integration Integration Integration Integration editLPS editLPS editLPS editLPS (E) (E) editAS editAS editAS editAS Integration Integration Integration Integration u.air u.air u.air u.air into the grid matrix data of emission by using u.air u.air u.air u.air u.air u.air u.air u.air of LPS of LPS of LPS of LPS of AS of AS of AS of AS the converter software, A-GIS (on IDRISI), emission data emission data emission data emission data emission data emission data emission data emission data sector by sector. emitLPS.air emitLPS.air emitLPS.air emitLPS.air emitAS.air emitAS.air emitAS.air emitAS.air software software Calculate the concentration distribution of air stabLPS stabLPS stabLPS stabLPS (F) (F) stabAS stabAS stabAS stabAS Stability Stability Stability Stability Stability Stability Stability Stability Cut out the meteorology data of the file file pollutant based on diffusion equations (plume calculation calculation calculation calculation calculation calculation calculation calculation target area from the worldwide and puff models). Make grid map corresponding to the target for LPS for LPS for LPS for LPS for AS for AS for AS for AS stabLPS.air stabLPS.air stabLPS.air stabLPS.air stabAS.air stabAS.air stabAS.air stabAS.air meteorology data ECMWF, and area. A cell in the gird means a unit of area (H) (H) interpolate and form the data. Concentration Concentration source and a receptor position where the visualization visualization Another meteorology data pollutant concentration is calculated. measured by local observation sites diff diff viewCont viewCont Viewer Viewer diff.air diff.air are also available. (G) (G) Diffusion Diffusion Concentration Concentration calculation calculation (Connect to health impact assessment module) (Connect to health impact assessment module)

Emission pattern generator (1)

Emission Pattern generator (2) GUI to input emission pattern. Hourly pattern Daily pattern Monthly pattern Note: Term of special holidays is also taken into account.

Grid map editor

AS Emission Editor (1)

AS Emission Editor (2)

LPS Emission editor

Specification of AIM/Air software • Grid size: fineness of the gird is restricted by the limitation of CPU power and memory size. – Ex 1) the size of the target area is 100km x 100km, and cell size of the grid is 1 km x 1 km – Ex.2)the size of target area is 10km x 100km, and cell size of the grid is 100m x 100m. The balance of the target size and cell size are flexibly adjustable. • Emission pattern of LPS should be designed according to the actual operation schedule in the factory. That of AS cell should be designed by considering land use, several kinds of industrial area, residential area, traffic path, agricultural field, and so on. • Hourly, weekly and monthly change in emission intensity can be defined. • The meteorology data locally corrected at observation sites are available for the diffusion calculation. • Pollutant concentration in every hour during specified period is calculated. • Effective computational algorithm to calculate plume-type diffusion from AS cells is implemented. • GUI is available on PC computer, and software can run on both PC and Linux.

Plume model This diffusion equation is used when the wind velocity is more than 1(m/s). ⎧ ⎫ ( ) ( ) ⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞ ⎛ ⎞ − 2 + 2 ⎪ ⎪ 2 z H z H Q y ( ) ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ = ⎜ − ⎟ − + − e e ⎨ ⎬ P C x y z , , exp exp ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ ⎟ πσ σ σ σ σ 2 2 2 2 u ⎪ ⎪ 2 2 2 ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠ ⎩ ⎭ y z y z z x : downstream coordinate, y : horizontally transverse coordinate, z : vertical coordinate (representative height=1.5m), Qp : emission from point source (kg/year), u : wind velocity (m/s), σ y , σ z ： diffusion coefficients of coordinate y and z (m) Effective stack height Diffusion parameters = + Δ α α σ = γ ⋅ σ = γ ⋅ H H H x y , x z e y y z z − 12 3 Δ = H 0.175 Q u 4 H h ( ) = ρ − Q C q T T H p g g 0

Image of plume diffusion wind wind direction direction (downstream) (downstream) Effective Effective height height diffusion diffusion stack stack stack stack height height