DSK’s WatSan Experience : Reaching to the Poor Dushtha Shasthya Kendra- DSK
Bangladesh Context 160 million people live in Bangladesh 40% live below poverty 25% extreme poor 40 million live in urban urban population rising 6% annually 6 million pop live in urban slum Density of slum pop. 200 time higher than the normal city area ( 531,000/ sqm) Slum pop. Become double from 1996 to 2005 Number of slum increase 70% ( 3007 to 4966) Average daily income Tk 150- 200 ( USD 2-2.5)
Water scenario Access to drinking water : 74% Potential risk to As. : 40-60 m. people [mostly rural area] Access to water in Urban areas : 30-80% 10-15% urban slum people have access to legal water supply
Sanitation scenario 54 % cover by improve latrine (JMP 2010) mostly in rural areas 94% fix place defecation , only 6% open defecation Urban sanitation coverage : 76% Sanitation coverage in Urban slum 14% ( 2003, No up date data) National target 100% sanitation by 2013
DSK activity DSK established in 1989 Start with health activity in urban slums Major programme and project Health Care - Water and Sanitation - Non formal education - Micro credit - Disaster management - Economic empowerment of urban - extreme poor
DSK WatSan Components Water supply Environmental Sanitation Hygiene promotion ( including menstrual hygiene) Community empowerment ( CBO + Training) School WASH Public toilets and Mobile toilets Solid waste management ( collection, treat, convert in to compost , sale in market ) LGI engagement Research and Innovation Advocacy
DSK’s approaches Community based CBO formation and empowerment - Community participation in problem identification - planning , implementation, supervision and monitoring Promote Women leadership - Participation of Poor and extreme - O & M by community - 100% coverage - 100% cost recovery - LIG engagement Activate sanitation taskforce ( Ward and Zone) - Participation local Ward Councilor -
DSK’s approaches Advocacy community voice ( rotted advocacy) - Dialogue with service provider ( local and - Central) Meeting / workshop / Seminar - Cross visit- project intervention and community - Civil society network - Community organization : federation - Research and innovation - Action research - Piloting
Water Supply in urban slums DSK stated it WatSan project in 1992 First install 2 community based water point for slum dwellers in 1992 Now popularly known as ‘DSK WP Model’ Replication the model by GOB & NGOs
Water options Water point Stand post DTW Submergible pump Mini pipe water supply Mobile water Van Water safety ( awareness + Treatment)
Environmental Sanitation Options Household latrine Community Latrine Sanitation Block Biogas Plant EcoSan Toilet Public toilet Mobile toilet
Environmental Sanitation Options Drainage Footpath Vacutug Solid waste management
Vacutug Vacutug is a suction machine that has the capacity to suck out pit contents or septic tank contents within the short period of time, with low cost and in a hygienic manner. - Environmentally safe - Low cost - Easy to clean - Less time required
Participatory Hygiene Promotion Courtyard session for Hygiene Group (Adult, child, Adolescents School HP Menstrual Hygiene Management Follow-up at HH level Participatory monitoring of HP
Community Empowerment CBO formation : Women headed committee Community participation in project cycle Training to CBO Exposure visit Learning sharing Engagement with LGI Linkage with service provider
A Successful Advocacy Outcome Slum dwellers obtained permission in the name of CBO Slum dwellers are entitled as DWASA legal customer (DWASA incorporated the issue in the by-laws) DWASA transferred ownership of water point from DSK to community MoU between DWASA & NGOs Dhaka WASA reduced the security money from Tk. 10,000 to Tk. 1000 Initial permission for 2 water points for slum dwellers in the name of DSK
WP ownership
DSK experiences Community participation in project cycle is important Women are very active in water and sanitation activities Hygiene promotion is important to create demand and maintain the infrastructure COB take lead role in the project Community empowerment is must to sustain the project
DSK experiences O & M done by users Strong community mobilization prevent mastan Integrate water , sanitation and HP Community voice raise for service Evident based advocacy gives more result to motivate the policy group Action research is needed for innovation of Technology, community particpation, hygiene promotion etc.
Challenges Slum eviction Very poor housing No pro poor urban development policy Slum power structure Internal migration Seasonal variation of income No land tenure ship Very limited space for living Unhealthy environment Negative mind set towards slum dwellers
Hands together for their better future
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