Community Managed Project (CMP) in implementing rural water supply - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Community Managed Project (CMP) in implementing rural water supply in Amhara Region of Ethiopia N A B I N P R A K A S H S H A R M A M A S T E R ’ S I N S C I E N C E T A M P E R E U N I V E R S I T Y O F T E C H N O L O G Y

Introduction  Water is recognized as main pillar of economic development and reduction of poverty.  780 million people without access to safe drinking water and 2.6 billion people without access to sanitation (WHO/UNICEF 2012)  Water demand is increasing  Millenium Development Goals (MDGs) 7 encompasses to ensure environmental sustainability.  Common water problems in developing countries  Increasing relative water scarcity and stress  Deterioration of water quality  Inappropriate pricing of water, inadequate cost recovery, and non-viable operational and financial performance  Fragmented and poorly coordinated water administration

Challenges  An urgent needs to increase rural water supply access  Funds available for investment are underspent  Low capacity within local government hinders progress  Previous community-managed schemes failing into disrepair

Objectives General Objective  To analyze the applicability of CMP in implementing rural water supply Specific Objectives  To examine the existing water and sanitation service scenario in Amhara region of Ethiopia  To determine the nature and level of community participation in rural water supply development  To analyze whether community managed projects are more efficient to meet the demand of the community  To give conclusions and recommendations concerning the existing CMP approach and its possible development

Methodology Interviews  Semi-structured interview Desk study  Secondary data Questionnaires  For beneficieries about social, economical, health and environmental issues  Including community training and awareness creation, gender equity, cross-cutting issues SWOT Aanalysis  Build on Strenghts  Eliminate Weakness  Exploit opportunities  Mitigate the effects of Threats

Findings

High Community Participation CMP Woredas Mode of contributions in CMP Woredas 20 18 16 No. of respondents 6 % 14 7 % 12 10 Community 8 Project 6 Woreda 87 % 4 2 0 Figure: Community share for project initiation, site Figure: Mode of contributions in CMP Woredas selection and technology type in CMP Woredas

Increased community ownership, resulting in more efficient management of the schemes CMP Woredas Non-CMP Woredas CMP Non-CMP 5 % 20 % Community Community 95 % Woreda Woreda 80 %

Higher implementation rate Woreda Average no. of Average no. of Increased WPs WPs implementatio construction construction n rate % per year before per year after CMP CMP Farta 12 29 241.6 Fogera 36 44 122.2 East Estie 16 32 200.0 Guangua 10 59 590.0 Average 18.5 41 288.5

Higher Functionality rate Woreda Overall Before CMP After CMP % Average RWSEP % increased functionality rate % Farta 84.0 96 98.2 Fogera 87.5 95.2 97.7 7.5 East Estie 95.8 91.8 99.6 Guangua 97.0 97.6 98.8 Average 91.0 95.1 98.5

Increased water and latrine coverage Water coverage Latrine coverage Wored Popula People Covera Woreda HEP Latrine implementat coverage % a tion with ge % ion in acess kebeles % Farta - 86 Farta 235,939 225,322 95.50 Fogera Fogera 96 100 203,259 166,706 82.00 East East Eastie 56 91 234,321 232,681 99.3 Estie Guangu Guangua 93 95 215,365 203,300 94.40 a Average - 93 Average 92.8

Willingness to pay for better water quality Willingness to pay Water quality CMP Approach CMP Approach 9 % 5 % 16 % Very good Yes good Fair 91 % No 58 % 21 % Bad

Problems of Rural Water Supply in Study Area

Technical Problems  Use of low grade materials which might lead to collapse of the water system before its life cycle.  Some water points were constructed without indepth study of construction area.  Insufficient discharge  High turbidity  Seasonal variation of water supply  Absence of drainage facilities  In spring wells, there were leakage in the spring tapping and box structure

Institutional Problems  Woreda staff lack proper qualifications and number of staff in water desk is limited  Too much work load for woreda staff  Lack of office equipment, logistic constraints and budgetary constraints.  Lack of community level organization (especially between WASHCOs and beneficiaries)  Lack of coordination between WUGs and WWT  Lack of capacity to keep system running after project completion

Social-economic Problems  Poor economic condition can raise to lot of conflicts  Income level and willingness of villagers to work together determines the level of participation  Influence of local leaders  Problems arises due to long waiting queue and water unavailability

Environmental Problems  Possibilities of landslides and soil erosion  Drainage problem around HDWs  Pollution of aquifers  Dumping of domestic waste and latrine construction near water points  Stagnation of water near water points provides good environment for mosquito breed

Why CMP?  Demand driven approach and community led development  Implementation will fully depend on community’s own initiatives  Communities will receive technical support from DA before, during and after the construction of WPs  Improvements, implemented, managed and sustained by communities  Increasing community capacity and self-reliance  Willingness and capacity to finance the future O&M

STRENGTH

 Direct community level procurement reduces project costs  Gender equality status improved due to equally shared responsibilities and continuous gender sensitization  Provides strong capacity building for communities; user’s capacity to implement and manage the project activities  Improvement in health status of the beneficiaries due to hygiene and sanitation awareness raising  Commitment for covering O&M and cost recovery  High budget utilization  Donor’s interests in providing support to the water supply in rural areas.

Weaknesses

 Too much of paper works at Woreda Water Office  No local spare parts suppliers and construction materials (cement, reinforcement bars) in remote communities  Inadequate monitoring of water quality  Longer maintenance time  Weak WASHCOs in some community  Though latrine coverage is average 93%, still there is lack of awareness in personnel hygiene  Shortage of water in dry season in WPs  Not efficient monitoring after construction of WPs  Lack of effective coordination between WUGs and WWT.  Lack of computerized mapping of water inventory data, there status and information

Opportunities

 Employment opportunities for the youth and private sectors  Opportunities for women to take part in development activities  CMP approach can be used in other development activities like micro-irrigation, road construction, watershed management, community forestry, etc  Opportunities for other donor mainstreaming the CMP approach for One WASH Program to achieve Universal Access Plan (UAP)  Look for additional water sources  Community economic development  Donors’ will to fund projects focused on rural water supply system and poverty reduction  Decentralization of political powers

Threats

 High turnover of staffs in Woreda water offices  Private sector spares part are not growing as anticipation  Increased price of the spares parts  Over exploitation of groundwater  Existing infrastructure is not adequate for major or fast growing development  Experts or specialists retirement of key personnel will create void and brain drain if not handled properly

Recommendations The involvement of micro-enterpreneur and small scale traders can be linked closer for the  sustainable implementation and management of water facilities. Cooperation among the stakeholders is important especially among the WASHCOs and water  user groups, as well as technical experts at Kebeles, Woredas and Zonal level. There has to be good integration between health and water sectors for development of Rural  WASH program Women affairs sectors should be more actively involved for gender equality and empowering  women. There has to be detail feasibility study of the groundwater in the areas where WPs are planned  to be constructed. There has to be equitable distribution of water points among the communities during  implementation based on the priority. There is necessity of additional training and education on cross-cutting issues so that benefit  reaches the poor and vulnerable group in community. The effective mechanism has to be undertaken to strengthen the institutional capacity of  woreda water office to ensure it to efficiently manage rural water supply. Base of pyramid (BOP) approach can be implemented for poverty reduction as an integral part  of sustainable development of rural water supply system by integrating BoP into corporate social responsibility thinking.

THANK YOU!!!