Presentation on ASSESSMENT OF THE COMMUNITY MANAGED PROJECTS (CMP) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Presentation on ASSESSMENT OF THE COMMUNITY MANAGED PROJECTS (CMP) APPROACH IN DEVELOPING RURAL WATER SUPPLY SCHEMES: A case of Pawe and Mandura woredas, North Eastern part of Benishangul Gumuz Regional State By: Meron Mebrahtu Advisor: Dr. Gashaw Yayehyirad October, 2012

1.1. Background  Water supply problem in Ethiopia has multiple impacts on people's health preventing the country from reaching its development potential  The UAP has been adopted in 2006, to achieve 98% water supply access for rural settings by 2012.  The governments of Finland and Ethiopia have been bilaterally working since 1994  And now putting an effort to accelerate implementation and improve sustainability of schemes to achieve the UAP

1. Introduction 1.1. Background CMP  Is a set up approach to implement sustainable water supply schemes  Evolved in 2003/04 in Amhara Region  Piloted in of five woredas of the BGNRS since 2008

1.2. Description of the study areas

1.2. Description of the study areas … Contd. The woredas have very different features in various criteria  Topography  Geological formation  Settling pattern  Origin of residents  Socio cultural condition  Exposure to developed schemes  Hydro geologic setting  Progress in water supply coverage with CMP approach

1.2. Description of the study areas … Contd.  Progress of all the five woredas under the program Progress on water supply coverage in the program woredas Coverag Coverag Coverage, Coverage, Total e before e, June June 2010 June 2011 change in planning 2009 coverage phase Bullen 17% 26% 48% 78% 64% Dibate 30% 35% 45% 48% 18% Mandura 37% 44% 50% 52% 15% Pawe 12% 22% 46% 86% 74% Wombera 16% 20% 30% 41% 25%

1.2. Problem statement … Contd.  Though performance of the CMP approach can be different among different areas of social, economical and environmental conditions, no scientific studies have been done on the performance of the approach in woredas of the Benishangul Gumuz region.  Therefore, particular study to recognize and confirm its relevance for specific situations is important because amendments or shift to another approach might be required under different circumstances.

1.3. Objective of the study General objective  The main objective of this research is to assess effectiveness of the CMP approach, which is implemented to develop rural water supply schemes in two woredas of the Benishangul Gumuz regional state, Pawe and Mandura woredas.

1.3. Objective of the study … Contd. Specific Objective The specific objectives of the research work are:  To assess how elements of the approach have been put in place (its applicability and acceptance) to have an effect on its performance  To measure the performance of the approach in the two woredas  To identify the challenges, gaps and opportunities of the approach under different the situations and  To recommend a way forward

2. Methodology  Sampling  Discussions - with the CMP supervisors and senior technical experts (one from each woreda).  Water points - by stratified random sampling to get good representative data. Based on scheme types (HDW or SPD) and year of construction.  Household respondents – two from every 500m, 1000m and 1500m distances from the water point  Analysis  Quantitative analysis (MS-EXCEL and SPSS)  Qualitative (descriptions to complement quantitative data)

3. Framework of the study  First, it was checked if efforts have been put in place and its acceptability before evaluating accomplished results.  Performance of the approach for each woreda was evaluated based on efficiency in implementing schemes and sustainability of the systems.  Accordingly, sustainability was measured up on achieving its determinants.  These determinants are taken as performance indicators to evaluate the approach.

3. Framework of the study … Cont’d  The determinants of sustainability considered here are; - Appropriateness of sites selected - Appropriateness of implemented technologies - Quality of built facility - Protection of water points - Efficiency of community financing O & M  Some of these indicators of sustainability are divided into sub- indicators, to address technical, social and financial issues.  And scores were given to indicators and sub-indicators based on information obtained from interviews, discussions and field observations.

3. Framework of the study … Cont’d  Finally, from the scores of the indicators, averages were drawn to obtain an overall impression of the indicators concerned. Note: All the parameters were assumed to have equal weights.

4.1. General Location of sampled water points in Mandura woreda ± Legend Sampled water points Boundary of Mandura Woreda Wagdi Dafilli near to school Kusha Djana Kuraiti Dudre no 2 Wehba 0 5,500 11,000 22,000 33,000 44,000 Kilometers

4. 1. General … Contd. Location of sampled water points in Pawe woreda Mender 11 (2-3) Mender 30 Mender 5 Mender 3 Addis sefer Felegeselam Mender 134

4.2. CMP protocol 4.2.1. Management System a. Decentralization  Regional level, woreda and communities are main institutions running implementation procedures  regional level water bureau carried out annual planning and monitoring works  local government  promoted CMP,  approved budget,  evaluated applications,  provided working material and  technical support through CMP technical team and supervisors

4.2. CMP protocol 4.2.1. Management system …Contd.  WASHCOs also knew their responsibility for:-  Organizing community participation  Contracting and procuring goods and services  Construction follow up and  Fully managing operation and maintenance of their facility

4.2. CMP protocol 4.2.1. Management system …Contd.  CMP bank accounts exist and all WASHCos replied that they withdraw money to issue payments for procured construction materials and services.  Regional finance bureau and Woreda WASH team can only freeze or transfer fund and monitor utilization.  decentralized decision making and financial management system exists

4.2. CMP protocol 4.2.1. Management system …Contd. b. Demand responsiveness  Promotion works have been done to inform communities - on the benefit of using protected water sources so that demand for the service will be created and - on the procedures of CMP  All respondents replied that they showed their demand for the service by contributing the required upfront cash willingly while applying for fund.  This shows that all projects are demand responsive .

4.2. CMP protocol 4.2.1. Management system …Contd. c. Female participation  Participation of females is a determinant factor for achieving sustainability.  As per the CMP, 40% female members should constitute the selected WASH committee.  As per the discussions with WASHCOs,

4.2. CMP protocol 4.2.1. Management system …Contd.  Women WASHCOs are also required to hold executive posts  In addition to being water committee, females are encouraged to participate as artisans and caretakers to maximize the advantage from their role,  General participation of females in the program WASHCOs (%) Artisans (%) Caretakers (%) M F M F M F 60 40 100.0 0.0 77.4 22.65  however, their involvement is limited.

4.2. CMP protocol 4.2.2. Ownership feeling development a. Community Participation  As per CMP, communities should participate starting from planning stage to create ownership feeling  100% of the respondents answered that they participated in planning and selecting water point locations together with woreda experts.

4.2. CMP protocol 4.2.2. Ownership feeling development …Contd. b. Community contribution  Contributions generally indicate that communities demand the service which intern is a condition create ownership feeling  As per the household interviews made, all communities contributed their share to the initial cost of implementation willingly  From secondary data collected, contributions were more than the required

4.2. CMP protocol 4.2.2. Ownership feeling development …Contd.  Community contributing free labor

4.2. CMP protocol 4.2.3. External support a. Capacity building and trainings  The CMP approach requires trainings to relevant stakeholders at Woreda and community levels to build capacity for efficient performance and decision-making.  As per the discussion with Woreda technicians and WASHCOs, - Woreda experts were trained by trainers from zonal level - trained Woreda expert turn in gave suitable theoretical and practical trainings to WASHCOs, artisans and caretakers.

4.2. CMP protocol 4.2.3. External support … Contd. b. Post construction support  The CMP approach requires communities to receive assistance from woreda authorities after commissioning  Visits by Woredas after construction of schemes as per replies from WASHCOs  There is no regular assistance and close external support provided to communities after construction.