STATUS OF WATSAN SERVICES IN THE SLUMS OF GUJARAT MAJOR FINDINGS- - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

STATUS OF WATSAN SERVICES IN THE SLUMS OF GUJARAT MAJOR FINDINGS- SETTLEMENT ACCESSMENT CONDUCTED IN SLUMS OF GUJARAT (2010-11)

STRUCTURE OF PRESENTATION  Context  Defining slums  Settlement level assessment- Methodology  Services at a glance  Major findings: Percentage slum population • Water supply services • Sanitation services • Solid waste management services • Overall performance of urban local bodies  Concluding remarks 

CONTEXT Slums ms - an integral part of urbanized areas- 25% % of urban an  pop opula ulation tion in India dia (Census, 2011) and 20% % of urban an popula opulation tion in Gujarat jarat (Slum Statistics, MoHUPA) resides in slums Devoid of infrastructure service networks like water supply,  sanitation, transportation, etc. Performance Assessment System (PAS) – aims to  assess aspects of access and coverage, service level and quality, costs and affordability, complaint redressal and health using a set of indicators. Need for r set ettlem lement ent level el asses ssessm sment ent- PAS uses equity  indicators derived out of information obtained from the urban local bodies (ULBs). Hence, a need was felt to assess water and sanitation  infrastructure services in slum settlements by visual inspection/observation and discussions with the slum dwellers.

DEFINING SLUMS- NATIONAL PERSEPECTIVE MoHUP UPA Commi mmitt ttee e for Census sus 2011 NSSO Defin initi tion on “ A compact settlement of at least 20 “A slum is a compact settlement of at least households with a collection of poorly built 20 households with a collection of poorly tenements, mostly of temporary nature, built tenaments, mostly of temporary crowded together usually with inadequate nature, crowded together usually with sanitary and drinking water facilities in inadequate sanitary and drinking water unhygienic conditions ” facilities in unhygienic conditions” In addition, it also lists the following as slum-like characteristics: • Predominant roof material: any material Census sus 2011 Definiti inition on other than concrete (RBC/ RCC) • Availability of drinking water source: not “A compact area of at least 300 population within premises of the census house or about 60-70 households of poorly built • Availability of latrine: not within premises congested tenements, in unhygienic of the census house environment usually with inadequate • Drainage facility: no drainage or open infrastructure and lacking in proper sanitary drainage. and drinking water facilities.”

DEFINING SLUMS- GUJARAT PERSPECTIVE The Gujarat arat Slum Areas (Impr proveme ement nt, Clearan arance ce and Redevelopment elopment) ) Ac Act, t,1973 73- Secti tion n 3 Chapt pter er 2- Declarati aration on of slum m areas That any area is a source of danger to the health , …….. , insanitary, squalid, overcrowded, or (a) otherwise; or That the buildings in any area, used or intended to be used for human habitation are (b) (i) in any respect , unfit for human habitation, or (ii) by reason of dilapidation, overcrowding, faulty arrangement and design of such buildings, narrowness or faulty arrangement of streets, lack of ventilation, light or sanitation facilities or any combination of these factors, detrimental to safety, health or morals, In determining whether a building is unfit for human habitation, for the purposes of this Act, regard shall be had to its condition in respect of the following: Repair (ii) stability (iii) freedom from damp (iv) natural light and air (v) water-supply (vi) drainage and sanitary conveniences (vii) facilities for storage, preparation and cooking of food and for disposal of waste water Also referred to in the ‘Regulation for Rehabilitation and Redevelopment of Slums, 2010’ For the purpose se of this assess essment nt, the areas listed ed as slums ms by the ULBs s have been n consid sidered ered

ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY  Conducted in 2010-11 by Urban Management Centre  Ob Objectiv tive- Rapid assessment of provision of water supply and sanitation services in slum settlements located in 157 municipalities in the state of Gujarat.  Meth ethodolo logy- Preliminary Visit to all the Collation and meetings with analysis of the slum settlements CEO & in the city, data on the basis Community collection of data of identified Organizer indicators using checklist

SERVICES IN SLUMS AT A GLANCE 61% 39% HHs do not have HHs have individual connections individual connections 45% 55% HHs have individual HHs do not have individual toilets toilets 49% 51% HHs have access to door-to- HHs do not have access to door waste collection door-to-door waste collection

SLUM POPULATION- GUJARAT % Slum Cities Population Class A 21 Class B 20 Class C 26 Class D 26 Average 23.25 • Total urban population of Gujarat- 43% • Out of 43%, 20% live in slums

SLUM POPULATION- CLASS A ULBS 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 37.8 40.0 29.5 29.3 30.0 25.2 25.0 24.1 22.9 21.9 22.0 20.5 18.8 20.0 15.8 13.8 13.1 8.4 10.0 5.2 3.5 0.0 Botad, Anand and Morbi -low percentage slum population at 3.5%, 5.2% and 8.4% respectively. Godhra with 40% and Jetpur with 37.8% have high percentage of slum population

SERVICES IN SLUMS AT A GLANCE Indicator UMC Slum PAS Household Survey survey, NIELSEN % slums having water supply network 91% NR % HHs in slums having access to individual 61% 60% water supply connections % HHs in slums practising open defecation 44% 23% % slums having underground sewerage 38% NR network % HHs in slums having access to individual 45% 59% toilets % slums having sold waste collection 77% NR network % HHs in slums having access to door-to- 49% 37% door solid waste collection

WATER SUPPLY SERVICES IN SLUMS presence of water supply infrastructure is not a challenge in slums, but providing last-mile • household connectivity is. • • Water supply, Vallabhipur • • 91% of slums have water network coverage while 61% individual water supply coverage • 91 out of the 157 ULBs have 100% water supply network coverage in its slum settlements. The state-wide urban coverage -75%, (Census 2011) • 0% HH coverage- Sutrapada, Chhaya • High coverage but intermittent supply- Surendranagar (4 days/month), Vadhvan (5-6 days/month),

WATER SUPPLY IN SLUMS- HH/STAND POST RATIO Standard ratio – 15 HH/ Paradi 14 14 stand post 24 24 Gandevi Kansad 35 35 44 44 Pethapur 67 67 Devgadh Borsad 70 70 76 76 Sutrapada Dahod 88 88 Small (7-65 HHs) sized 111 111 Chhaya slums/temporary in nature 112 112 Bhayavadar Community stand post in Mansa Lunavada 290 290 778 778 Veraval 0 200 200 400 400 600 600 800 800 1000 1000 Households per standpost

WATER SUPPLY IN SLUMS- CHALLENGES Inter ervent ntion ions Good network coverage, • General lack of individual resolution connections by Bardoli High HH/stand post ratio Nagar • Palika Intermittent/irregular • supply High connection costs • Requirement of • ownership/property tax documentation to obtain connection Extremely small and remote • The 500 NOC Scheme, Ahmedabad areas identified as slums- aims at providing slum residents with a ‘No extension of services Objection Certificate’ (NOC) that enables difficult them to apply for legal individual sewerage and water connections for their dwellings. ‘

SANITATION- SEWERAGE NETWORK • 3 out of 157 ULBs have 100% sewerage network in slum settlements- Bacchau, Gadhada and V.V. Nagar (All C Class towns) • 60% (37 Nos.) Class C ULBs have 0% Open drain in Mansa sewerage network in its slums

SANITATION- COVERAGE OF TOILETS • Surendranagar (Class A)- lowest coverage • 49% HHs have individual toilets in among other Class A cities (37%), high OD their premises (NIELSON- 60%) rate of 63%, Sanitation ranking 407 th out of 423 • State wide urban coverage (slum + non-slum)- 88% (Census, 2011) • Porbandar , Kalol (Class A)- highest coverage among other Class A cities (90%, • 7% only use community/pay and 81%), low OD rate (10%, 19%), Sanitation use toilets ranking for Porbandar is 145 th and Kalol is 242 nd

SANITATION- OPEN DEFECATION & HH TO TOILET SEAT RATIO toile let HH/toi oile let 57.00 60.00 ULB OD OD covg. seat at ratio tio 50.00 Sanand (C ) 99 22 0 50.00 41.00 Borsad (B) 90 10 0 40.00 Karamsad (C ) 86 14 0 32.00 30.00 Rapar (D) 80 20 0 Halol (C ) 98 9 0 20.00 Chaya (C ) 85 7 0 10.00 Prantij (D) 86 14 0 Savali (D) 87 13 0 0.00 Pethapur (D) 97 5 1 Class A Class B Class C Class D % HH practi tici cing ng open defecat ecation ion Bantwa (D) 90 10 1.2 Umreth (C ) 87 13 1.8 Ranavav (C ) 89 46 2.5 Radhapur (C) 87 13 7.5 Cities exhibiting high OD rate, low toilet access and complete absence of pay and use or community toilets Open defecation in Bhabar

SANITATION- FUNCTIONALITY OF TOILETS Locked community toilets observed in Harij, Jafrabad, Mansa, Talaja Locked pay and use toilet in Borsad Lack of maintenance observed in most of the community toilets Functi ctiona nality ty- Functionality of pay-and-use toilets is much more than that of community toilets Lack of maintenance Functionality of > 70%- 22% ULBs evident in pay-and-use toilet (community toilets) and 45% ULBs (pay- in Gadhada and use toilets)