Brigham & Women’s Hospital Harvard Medical School Yoga and Immune Function Yoga Alliance Webinar May 19, 2020 Sat Bir S. Khalsa, Ph.D. Assistant Professor of Medicine, Harvard Medical School Director of Yoga Research, Yoga Alliance Director of Research, Kundalini Research Institute Editor in Chief, International Journal of Yoga Therapy Research Associate, Benson Henry Institute for Mind Body Medicine Research Affiliate, Osher Center for Integrative Medicine
Immune System Cells • Lymphocytes - T-cells, B-cells, NK cells • Phagocytes - Neutrophils, Monocytes, Macrophages, Mast Cells Molecules • Immunoglobulins • Cytokines https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/immune-system
Psychoneuroimmunology and Stress From: Central nervous system-immune system interactions: psychoneuroendocrinology of stress and its immune consequences, Black PH, Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. 38:1-6, 1994. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC284388/pdf/aac00367-0007.pdf
Psychoneuroimmunology and Stress From: The Effects of Stress and Meditation on the Immune System, Human Microbiota, and Epigenetics, Househam AM, Peterson CT, Mills PJ, Chopra D, Advances in Mind Body Medicine, 31:10-25, 2017.
Psychoneuroimmunology and Stress From: The Effects of Stress and Meditation on the Immune System, Human Microbiota, and Epigenetics, Househam AM, Peterson CT, Mills PJ, Chopra D, Advances in Mind Body Medicine, 31:10-25, 2017.
Psycho- neuroimmunology and Stress From: The Effects of Stress and Meditation on the Immune System, Human Microbiota, and Epigenetics, Househam AM, Peterson CT, Mills PJ, Chopra D, Advances in Mind Body Medicine, 31:10-25, 2017.
Psychoneuroimmunology and Stress From: The Effects of Stress and Meditation on the Immune System, Human Microbiota, and Epigenetics, Househam AM, Peterson CT, Mills PJ, Chopra D, Advances in Mind Body Medicine, 31:10-25, 2017.
Psychoneuro- immunology and Stress From: Psychoneuroimmunology- developments in stress research, Straub RH, Cutolo M, Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift, 168:76-84, 2018.
Psychoneuroimmunology and Stress From: Stress and the psyche-brain-immune network in psychiatric diseases based on psychoneuroendocrineimmunology: a concise review. Bottaccioli AG, Bottaccioli F, Minelli A, Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 1437:31-42, 2019.
Sleep Deprivation/ Disturbance and Immune Function From: Why sleep is important for health: a psychoneuroimmunology perspective, Irwin MR, Annual Review of Psychology 66:143-72, 2015. https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115205
Sleep & Immunity https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/work-hour-training-for-nurses/longhours/mod2/06.html
https://www.health.harvard.edu/staying-healthy/how-to-boost-your-immune-system
Yoga Practices Postures, Breathing, Relaxation, Meditation Self-Regulation Awareness Spirituality Fitness ↑Flexibility ↑Attention ↑Unitive State ↑Stress Regulation ↑Strength ↑Emotion Regulation ↑Mindfulness ↑Transcendence ↑Coordination/Balance ↑Resilience ↑Concentration ↑Flow ↑Respiratory Function ↑Equanimity ↑Cognition ↑Transformation ↑Self -Efficacy ↑Self -Efficacy ↑Meta -cognition ↑Life Meaning/Purpose Global Human Functionality ↑Physical & Mental Health, ↑Physical Performance ↑Stress & Emotion Regulation, ↑Awareness/Mindfulness, ↑Meta -cognition ↑ Positive Behavior, ↑Wellbeing, ↑Values, ↑Life Purpose & Meaning, ↑Spirituality
“111 studies with 4,777 subjects were reviewed, 81 of which were RCT’s. The three largest intervention type categories were Relaxation Training (n=25), Cognitive Based Stress Management (n=22), and Hypnosis (n=21). Half the studies were conducted with healthy subjects (n=51).” “Relaxation training had the strongest scientific evidence for affecting immune outcomes.” https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3516431/pdf/nihms371487.pdf
Mind Body Practices and Immunity From: The embodied mind: A review on functional genomic and neurological correlates of mind-body therapies. Muehsam D, Lutgendorf S, Mills PJ, Rickhi B, Chevalier G, Bat N, Chopra D, Gurfein B, Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 73:165-181, 2017.
Mindfulness Meditation and Immunity “…across 20 RCTs and more than 1600 participants, we found tentative evidence that mindfulness meditation modulates some select immune parameters in a manner that suggests a more salutogenic immune profile. Specifically, mindfulness mediation appears to be associated with reductions in proinflammatory processes, increases in cell-mediated defense parameters…” From: Mindfulness meditation and the immune system: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Black DS, Slavich GM, Annals of the New York Academy of Science, 1373:13-24, 2016. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4940234/pdf/nihms744023.pdf
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/artic les/PMC3144610/?report=printable
Research Studies Yoga & Immune Function
MBSR Improves Immune Function From: Alterations in brain and immune function produced by mindfulness meditation, Davidson RJ, Kabat-Zinn J, Schumacher J, Rosenkranz M, Muller D, Santorelli SF, Urbanowski F, Harrington A, Bonus K, Sheridan JF, Psychosomatic Medicine 65:564-570, 2003.
Yoga Preserves Immune Function From: Effect of integrated yoga practices on immune responses in examination stress - A preliminary study. Gopal A, Mondal S, Gandhi A, Arora S, Bhattacharjee J, International Journal of Yoga, 4:26-32, 2011. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3099098/?report=printable
Yoga Improves Immune Function From: Effects of yoga exercise on salivary beta-defensin 2. Eda N, Shimizu K, Suzuki S, Tanabe Y, Lee E, Akama T, European Journal of Applied Physiology, 113:2621-7, 2013.
Yoga Improves Immune Function From: Regular Yoga Practice Improves Antioxidant Status, Immune Function, and Stress Hormone Releases in Young Healthy People: A Randomized, Double- Blind, Controlled Pilot Study, Lim SA, Cheong KJ, Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine, 21:530-8, 2015.
Yoga on Immune Function in the Older Adults From: Yoga stretching for improving salivary immune function and mental stress in middle-aged and older adults. Eda N, Ito H, Shimizu K, Suzuki S, Lee E, Akama T. Journal of Women and Aging, 30:227-241, 2018.
Yoga Improves Immune Function From: Effects of prenatal yoga on women's stress and immune function across pregnancy: A randomized controlled trial, Chen PJ, Yang L, Chou CC, Li CC, Chang YC, Liaw JJ, Complementary Therapies in Medicine, 31:109-117, 2017.
“…better immune status due to prolonged life span of lymphocytes by up-regulation of antiapoptotic genes and prosurvival genes in these subjects.”
“…the effects of Kirtan Kriya suppressing expression of inflammation -related genes and up-regulating expression of genes involved in antiviral and immunoglobulin responses … might potentially counteract the adverse effects of caregiving on inflammation, antibody responses to vaccination, and resistance to viral infections...”
Kirtan Kriya on Immune Function 68 genes were found to be differentially expressed (19 up-regulated, 49 down-regulated) Up-regulated genes included immunoglobulin- related transcripts. Downregulated transcripts included pro- inflammatory cytokines and activation-related immediate early genes. From: Yogic meditation reverses NF- κ B and IRF-related transcriptome dynamics in leukocytes of family dementia caregivers in a randomized controlled trial. Black DS, Cole SW, Irwin MR, Breen E, St Cyr NM, Nazarian N, Khalsa DS, Lavretsky H, Psychoneuroendocrinology, 38:348-355, 2013.
Mindfulness and Infection Control From: Pilot randomised controlled trial to improve hand hygiene through mindful moments. Gilmartin H, Saint S, Rogers M, Winter S, Snyder A, Quinn M, Chopra V, British Medical Journal Quality & Safety, 27:799-806, 2018. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6701174/pdf/nihms-1045163.pdf
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