World Religions and the History of Christianity: Roman Catholicism - PDF document

World Religions and the History of Christianity: Roman Catholicism � ���

World Religions and the History of Christianity: Roman Catholicism � �������� ������ •When did the ROMAN •The Church IN ROME did not Church [Geographically] become the Roman Catholic become the ROMAN Church until . . . CATHOLIC Church [politically]? ������ ��������� 1.The Fall of the Roman Empire 2.The circumstances of the DARK AGES. 3.The Splitting of the Church West/East. ��������� ��������� •In general, the Middle Ages are According to the ancient philosopher defined by . . . Aristotle, “ Nature abhors a vacuum .” Aristotle based his conclusion on the 1. A lack of central government, 2. Decline of trade, observation that nature requires every space to be filled with 3. Population shift to rural areas, 4. Decrease in learning, and something, even if that something is 5. A rise in the power of the Roman Catholic colorless, odorless air. church. http://odb.org/2011/01/21/nature-abhors-a-vacuum/ ���

World Religions and the History of Christianity: Roman Catholicism � �������� ������� •The Church in Rome filled the •What ROMAN CATHOLICISM vacuum left by the fall of the is today is not what it was Roman Empire. during the Middle Ages or after the Reformation. ���

World Religions and the History of Christianity: Roman Catholicism � •" Pentarchy " is a model •In the model, the Christian historically championed in church is governed by the Eastern Christianity as a heads (Patriarchs) of the five model of church relations major episcopal sees of the and administration. Roman Empire: Rome, Constantinople, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem. •. . . but the concept of their •The idea came about universal and exclusive because of the political and authority was firmly tied to ecclesiastical prominence of the administrative structure these five sees, . . . of the Roman Empire. ����

World Religions and the History of Christianity: Roman Catholicism � •An episcopal see is, in the usual meaning of the phrase, the area of ����� a bishop’s ecclesiastical jurisdiction. �������������� •Phrases concerning actions occurring within or outside an ���������� episcopal see are indicative of the geographical significance of the ����� ! term, making it synonymous with "��#����� “diocese.” �����$���%��&����$�� �����$���%��&����$�� • There was only one church in • The Four Marks of the Church is a term describing four specific the Middle Ages in Western adjectives — one , holy , catholic Europe (Roman Catholic), and apostolic — indicating four which held power both over major distinctive marks or kings and countries. distinguishing characteristics of the Christian Church. �����$���%��&����$�� �����$���%��&����$�� • The belief that the Church is • . . . in which it included the characterized by these four statement: " [I believe] in one, particular "marks" was first holy, catholic, and apostolic expressed by the First Council of Church. " In Protestant theology Constantinople in the year 381 these are sometimes called the in its revision of the Nicene attributes of the Church . Creed, . . . ����

World Religions and the History of Christianity: Roman Catholicism � ' �� ����(�) �����$���%��&����$�� • They are still professed today in • Primus inter pares , or first the Nicene Creed, recited in the among equals , is a Latin phrase liturgy of Catholic, Orthodox, indicating that a person is the Anglican, and many Protestant most senior of a group of people churches’ worship service. sharing the same rank or office. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_Marks_of_the_Churchhes' worship services ' �� ����(�) ' �� ����(�) •Usually, the role is considered a •In the Orthodox Church, the necessary inclusion in a system in Ecumenical Patriarch of which all parties are equal. Constantinople (currently His All- Holiness Bartholomew I) fulfils this role. ' �� ����(�) ' �� ����(�) •Historically, the bishop of Rome •After the Schism, however, the was considered the first among role of first among equals fell to equals of the pentarchy. The the patriarch of Constantinople. rising amount of power claimed by the pope, along with other factors, was the ecclesiological reason for the Great Schism. ����

World Religions and the History of Christianity: Roman Catholicism � ������� • The Pope of The Roman Catholic Church • The Pope of the Palmarian Catholic Church (in Spain) • The Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of All Africa (Non-Chalcedonian / Coptic Orthodox) • The Pope of Alexandria and Patriarch of All Africa (Chalcedonian / Greek Orthodox)... who is formally the 'Ecumenical Patriarch'. ������� • However, in the same way that 'The President' used without qualification is normally taken to mean 'The President of the USA, 'The Pope' without qualification is normally taken to mean the Roman Catholic one. • There's a simple reason why - size! • https://www.quora.com/How-many-popes-are-there ������* ������ 1. Prior to 476AD [The “Church”] •The Nicene Era, named after the Council of Nicea in A.D. 2. The Middle Ages [5 th – 1500 th ] 325, is very possibly the most 3. After the Reformation [1500’s – 1960’s] important era of Christian 4. After the 1960’s history. ����

World Religions and the History of Christianity: Roman Catholicism � ������ ������ •Though it encompasses only •. . . the events of the Nicene a short time period—from Era were earth-shaking , perhaps A.D. 303, the start affecting not only Christianity of the Great Persecution, to but the history of the A.D. 383, the decree of western world. Theodotus I - ������ ������ •The Nicene Era begins with •Constantine the Great was the Great Persecution in A.D. "converted" (in a sense) by 303. It lasted until it was his famous vision as he called off by Galerius in A.D. prepared for battle with 311. Maxentius, his rival emperor in the west. ������ ������ •While Constantine would not •It would prove the end of count himself a Christian until his Christianity as it was known baptism on his deathbed in A.D. before Nicea. 337, he did grant Christianity a favor and an influence in government that it had never before experienced. ����

World Religions and the History of Christianity: Roman Catholicism � . �! 4 '.22 �! ' �� +�� #���� �����#� ��� ' �� �� ��� ,-. •DURING THE Middle ages, ' �� �������������� ,/' the POPE became a powerful ��#� �����!��#� 0,' political figure. ��#� �� �!�� ���� 0.' - �� �������������� .., •Gregory 1 (590) moves power , �� �������������� 1/231/' of pope into SECULAR - �� �� ��� +/+ (everyday) world – . . . . �! 4 '.22 �! . �! 4 '.22 �! •. . . used Church money to • During the Middle Ages the church gained political power. build roads, help poor, raise armies. • When people died, many would leave land to the church, making •Negotiates peace treaties the church the largest with invaders like the landowners in Europe. Lombards. . �! 4 '.22 �! . �! 4 '.22 �! • The church decided to break the • Some became so politically land into fiefs, making it a feudal involved, they neglected the lord. religious aspect of their job. • Of all the clergy, bishops and abbots were most involved in politics. ����

World Religions and the History of Christianity: Roman Catholicism � . �! 4 '.22 �! . �! 4 '.22 �! • There was only one church in • In the late Middle ages the church began to lose its the Middle Ages in Western power. Europe (Roman Catholic), which held power both over – Babylonian Captivity. kings and countries. – [Catholic] Great Schism. �5����'.226� •1521 Diet of Worms •1530’s Church of England • 1545 Council of Trent •1645 Westminster Confess. ����