CHRISTIANITY text in purple for notes Voorhees
The student will apply social science skills to understand the development of Christianity by a) describing the origins, beliefs, traditions, customs, and spread of Christianity in time and place;
Era ra II; ; Un Unit t 7 WHI.7 I.7 CH CHRI RISTI STIANITY ANITY I. I. The he Bas asics: cs: A. Monotheism notheism A. B. Founder= under= Je Jesus us B. Chr hrist ist C. Je Jesus us is the he C. So Son of God D. Li Life e af after r deat ath D.
Jesus of Nazareth The birth of Jesus c. 4 B.C. (BCE) Born during the reign of Herod the Great, the last king of a united Judea
Jesus of Nazareth Jesus is presented at the Temple c. 9 – 13 CE (CE) Possibly at Jesus’ coming of age ceremony (Bar Mitzvah)
Jesus of Nazareth The Baptism of Jesus c. 28 - 30 CE (CE) Precedes Jesus public ministry John the Baptist is beheaded by Herod Antipas (son of Herod the Great) John was a vocal critic of Herod
Jesus of Nazareth The beginning of Jesus’ ministry c. 28 – 30 CE According to tradition Jesus preceded his ministry with a forty day fast in the desert where he is tempted
Jesus of Nazareth Jesus calls his Twelve Disciples
Jesus of Nazareth The Sermon on the Mount Considered one of the critical moments for defining the basic tenets of Christian belief
Jesus of Nazareth Born during the Pax Romana during the height of Rome’s power Grew up in a province well known for resisting foreign rule Although not of aristocratic birth does seem to have been accepted by a wide range of social classes, including some Romans
Jesus of Nazareth The Last Supper c. 30 – 34 B.C. Jesus and his followers go to Jerusalem for the Passover celebration
Jesus of Nazareth Jesus put on trial by the Sanhedrin at the Temple and the turned over to the Roman governor Pontius Pilate for execution
Jesus of Nazareth After being beaten and tortured Jesus is marched to Calvary for public execution
Jesus of Nazareth Jesus is crucified on “Good Friday” Crucifixion a common Roman technique for punishing criminals who are not Roman citizens, particularly if they are seen as a threat to public order
Jesus of Nazareth Jesus is removed from the cross by his family and followers and is buried in the tomb of Nicodemus, a member of the Sanhedrin The body of Jesus is interred on the evening of “Good Friday” Roman allowed the bodies of criminals to be removed but usually only after a bribe was paid
Jesus of Nazareth According to Christian belied Jesus stays in the tomb on Saturday (the Jewish Sabbath) and rises from the dead on Easter Sunday His empty tomb is discovered by Mary who leads Peter and the other disciples there later
According to Jesus of Nazareth Christian tradition Jesus ascends to heaven after appearing to his followers
tle- 1 st st missi E. . Paul l th the e Apos ostle ssiona onary ry c. 35 CE (CE)- Conversion of Paul 45 – 64 CE (CE) – Paul’s ministry to Cyprus, Asia Minor, and Greece
Simon Peter c. 64 CE (CE) – First persecution of Christians by Nero Both Paul and Peter were probably executed in Rome at this time
The Gospels c. 60 – 100 CE (CE) The Writing of the Four Gospels
The Christian Church begins formalizing c. 180 CE – First version of the Apostle’s creed, the formal adoption of baptism, and the formal organization of bishops
Fourth Century: 301-400 CE Edi dict ct of of Mil ilan an 313 CE – Con onstan stantin tine e giv ives s Christia ristianity nity for ormal mal to toleration eration
Fourth Century: 325 CE – Cou ouncil il of of Nic icaea 301-400 CE (1 st Ecumenical Conference) 325-381 CE – Ar Aria ian Con ontrove oversy rsy; defining the nature of the Trinity 374-397 CE – Ambrose, Bishop of Milan established as an advisor to the emperor (One of the “Church Fathers”) Don onati tism sm- a schism and conflict with Rome, as they considered themselves the true Church
The student will apply social science skills to understand the development of Christianity by b) explaining the unifying role of the Church in Europe after the collapse of Rome;
II. Impact of the Church of Rome in the late Roman Empire A. The Emperor Constantine converted to Christianity and made it legal. B. Christianity later became the official state religion. C. The Church became a source of moral authority. D. The Church became the main unifying force of Western Europe. E. Heresies such as Arianism and Donatism sometimes divided Christians.
Fifth Century: 401-500 CE 476 CE – “Fall of Rome” 498 CE – Under leadership of Clovis the Germanic tribes begin converting
Sixth Century 501- 600 CE • c. 527-565 CE – Byzantine Emperor Justinian attempts to reunify Rome as a Christian Empire
Seventh Century: 601-700 CE 622-732 – Expansion of Islam both the Christian Byzantine Empire and Germanic Kingdoms of Western Europe feel threatened
Eighth and Ninth Centuries “The Dark Ages”: 701 -900 CE 726-843 CE – Iconoclast controversy Byzantine leaders debate (and fight) over the use of icons in worship
Eighth and Ninth Centuries “The Dark Ages”: 701 -900 CE 800 CE – Charlemagne crowned “Holy Roman Emperor” and the “Donation of Constantine” proclaimed Pope Leo III attempted to shift power and authority away from the Byzantines toward Rome and Charlemagne
Eighth and Ninth Centuries “The Dark Ages”: 701 -900 CE 863 CE – Methodius begins conversion of Russia Russia looks to Eastern “Orthodox” Christian, not Rome for spiritual guidance Methodius’ brother Cyril is credited with creating the Slavic “Cyrillic” alphabet and translating the Bible into Russian
Tenth Century: 901-1000 CE 962 CE – Otto the Great reforms the Holy Roman Empire; partnership between the emperor and the pope
The student will apply social science skills to understand the development of Christianity by c) sequencing events related to the spread and influence of Christianity and the Catholic Church throughout Europe.
III. Influence of the Roman Catholic Church Vocabulary: unifying secular monastery preserve Greco-Roman Germanic anoint
The Church became the unifying force in Western Europe: The Roman Catholic Church grew in importance after Roman authority declined
A) Secular authority declined, while church authority grew UNIFYING FORCE!!
B) monasteries preserved Greco-Roman cultural achievements UNIFYING FORCE!!
C) Missionaries carried Christianity and Latin alphabet to Germanic tribes UNIFYING FORCE!!
D) The pope anointed Charlemagne Emperor in 800 A.D. (C.E.) UNIFYING FORCE!!
E) Parish priests served religious and social needs of the people
Eleventh Century: 1001-1100 CE 1054 54 CE – The Great Schis ism; for ormal l split it be between en Rom ome and Con onstantin antinop ople le
Eleventh Century: 1001-1100 CE 1095-1099 CE – Pope Urban II organized the First Crusade
Gothic Cathedrals Clogn gne e Cathedr edral, l, Germany ny – 1200’ - 1800’s Reims ims Cathedr edral, l, France e – 1200’s
Eleventh Century: 1001-1100 CE 1232 CE – The Inquisition established to fight heretics
Heretics
Fourteenth Century: 1301-1400 CE 1309-1377 CE – “Babylonian Captivity”; papacy moves to Avignon, France c. 1350’s CE – “Black Death” sweeps Europe 1378-1415 CE – “The Great Schism”; multiple men claim to be pope 1384 CE – Lollard Movement (John Wycliffe); early “protestant” movement It’s a bad time to be pope
Fifteenth Century: 1401-1500 CE 1415 CE – Jan Hus burned at the stake for spreading Lollardism 1453 CE – Ottomans capture Constantinople, Byzantine Empire collapses 1492 CE – Reconquista ends in Spain
Sixteenth Century: 1501-1600 CE 1506 CE – Rebuilding of St. Peter’s Basilica 1509 CE – Erasmus publishes The Praise of Folly , calling for reform 1517 CE – Martin Luther posts The Ninety- Five Theses starting the Protestant Reformation 1521 CE – Luther is excommunicated
• In 1506 CE Pope Julius II commissioned Renaissance architect Donato Bramante to design the basilica • Bramante died before completing the church- then worked on by several architects until Florentine artist Michelangelo took over the commission in 1546 CE • Michelangelo simplified and unified the architectural elements of Bramante’s plan ST. PETER’S BASILICA
Sixteenth Century: 1501-1600 CE c. 1520 20-1530 1530 CE – Re Reformation rmation spr preads ads thr hrough ough Nort rthern hern Eur urope pe 1534 CE – Henry VIII breaks with Rome 1545-1547 CE – Council of Trent starts the Counter Reformation 1555 CE – Peace of Augsburg attempts to end religious fighting in Germany
Luther- excommunicated
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