Slide 1 / 176 Slide 2 / 176 7th Grade Matter and Its Properties 2015-09-16 www.njctl.org Slide 3 / 176 Slide 4 / 176 Table of Contents: Matter and Its Properties · What is Matter? Click on the topic to go to that section · How Do We Measure Matter? What is Matter? · The Simplest Form of Matter: · Elements of the Periodic Table · Properties of Matter: Physical Properties · Density: A Physical Property · States of Matter: A Physical Property · Changes of State · Properties of Matter: Chemical Properties Return to Table of Contents Slide 5 / 176 Slide 6 / 176 Matter and Chemistry? Matter Chemistry is the study of matter, its properties and the changes it can undergo. Look around the classroom. Can you identify any examples of matter? We have defined matter many times in your science classes. Discuss with your classmates and define matter in your own words. Does all the "stuff" work with the definition you came up with? Where did it all come from?
Slide 7 / 176 Slide 8 / 176 What Are Atoms? What Are Atoms? All the matter in the universe is composed of basic building blocks Atoms are the basic unit of matter. called atoms. How are atoms like legos? Discuss with your classmates? An atom is the smallest indivisible and indestructable unit of matter. Atoms are really small! If you made a tiny dot with the tip of a sharp graphite pencil, that little dot would have about four billion billion carbon atoms in it. Slide 9 / 176 Slide 10 / 176 Atoms and Elements What Are Atoms? Atoms are the basic units of matter and indivisible. Like the lego house below is made up of different types of legos, matter is made up of different types of atoms called elements. You can break the lego house into individual lego pieces, but individual legos cannot be broken down further and still be functional legos. Similiarly, matter can be broken down into atoms, but atoms cannot be further divided and maintain their properties and function. Amazingly, all of the matter in the Universe is made up of only around 100 different elements in various combinations. Almost 99% of the human body is made up of just 6 different elements! Slide 11 / 176 Slide 12 / 176 Atoms and Elements Atoms and Elements Some pure substances, called compounds, are made up of Elements are pure substances made from only one type of atom. combinations of different types of elements. Graphite Water Chalk Salt Bronze (Carbon) Neon Gas Gold Silver Remember, one tiny dot of this contains about Elements: Elements: Elements: Elements: 4 billion billion atoms of hydrogen & sodium & calcium, copper & tin the element carbon. carbon & oxygen chlorine oxygen
Slide 13 / 176 Slide 13 (Answer) / 176 1 Which of the following would NOT be classified as 1 Which of the following would NOT be classified as matter? matter? A air A air B water B water Answer C water vapor C water vapor E D wood D wood E all are examples of matter E all are examples of matter [This object is a pull tab] Slide 14 / 176 Slide 14 (Answer) / 176 2 All matter is made up of individual units called _______. 2 All matter is made up of individual units called _______. A compounds A compounds Answer B atoms B atoms B C pure substances C pure substances [This object is a pull tab] Slide 15 / 176 Slide 15 (Answer) / 176 3 _______ are pure substances made up of one specific 3 _______ are pure substances made up of one specific type of ______. type of ______. A atoms, element A atoms, element B atoms, compound B atoms, compound Answer D C elements, compound C elements, compound D elements, atom D elements, atom [This object is a pull tab]
Slide 16 / 176 Slide 17 / 176 The Makeup of Atoms How Did We Get the First Atoms? We have talked about the Big Bang in years past as well. Atoms are made up of 3 parts, known as subatomic particles . Take a few minutes to review what you know about the Big Bang. Each particle has a different charge . Write down some ideas here. Proton - Positive Charge Neutron - Neutral Charge Electron - Negative Charge Memory tricks have been underlined for you! Slide 18 / 176 Slide 19 / 176 How Did We Get the First Atoms? How Did We Get the First Atoms? Soon after the Big Bang, these particles captured objects called electrons . When the Big Bang first happened, the universe was very hot. This is because opposite charges are attracted to each other. (20,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000* times hotter than our When this happened, the first two elements (and consequently Sun!) the first atoms) were formed. *That number is 20 octillion ! Does anyone have an idea what the first two elements formed were? Hydrogen and Click here to learn more! Hint: think about the periodic table. Helium Move this box for the answer once you have your idea. After a few minutes, it cooled down to the point that protons and neutrons were able to join together. Slide 20 / 176 Slide 21 / 176 Opposites Attract How are Atoms Arranged? We now know that an atom is made up of protons, neutrons, and Because you will need this information later, keep in mind this old phrase: electrons... but how are these 3 particles arranged in the atom? "Opposites Attract" The center of the Electrons move atom is called the around the nucleus nucleus . Protons in the electron and neutrons are shell . found there. Electr Proton on What this means is that, just like a magnet, the positive proton and the negative electron attract each other! The space between the nucleus and the electron shell is empty.
Slide 22 / 176 Slide 23 / 176 The First Two Elements Relative Size of Atomic Particles Proton 1 Electron Let's imagine an atom filled the distance from New York to Ohio. That is about 1030km. H - + Hydrogen atom Hydrogen At this scale, the nucleus would only be about the length of a football field. A football field is only 100m. 1.00 A proton would be about the height of a three story apartment building! That is about Proton 2 Electron 9m. He - + And an electron would be about the width of + Helium atom - a blueberry. A blueberry is only 1cm. Helium 4.00 What does that tell us about this drawing of an atom?Is it accurate? Neutron Pull the tab to the left for more information! We will go into more detail about the elements when we talk about Click here to watch a TedEd video on the size of an atom. the Periodic Table. Slide 23 (Answer) / 176 Slide 24 / 176 The First Two Elements 4 Which subatomic particle has a neutral charge? Proton 1 Electron Hydrogen is the most common H A Proton - element (about 75% of the + Hydrogen atom universe!) Hydrogen B Neutron More Info. 1.00 It is made up of one proton and one C Electron electron. Proton 2 Electron Helium is the 2nd most common element in the universe. He - + Helium atom It exists almost exclusively as a gas. + - Helium It has 2 protons and electrons. 4.00 [This object is a pull tab] Neutron Pull the tab to the left for more information! We will go into more detail about the elements when we talk about the Periodic Table. Slide 24 (Answer) / 176 Slide 25 / 176 4 Which subatomic particle has a neutral charge? 5 Which of the following subatomic particles are found in the nucleus of an atom? A Proton A Proton B Neutron B Neutron Answer C Electron B C Electron D Both A and B [This object is a pull tab]
Slide 25 (Answer) / 176 Slide 26 / 176 6 Label the parts of the atom. 5 Which of the following subatomic particles are found in A 1. Proton the nucleus of an atom? 2. Electron 1_ 3. Neutron A Proton B 1. Electron - + B Neutron + 2. Neutron Answer + - 3. Proton D C Electron 3_ C 1. Neutron D Both A and B 2. Proton - 3. Electron 2_ [This object is a pull tab] D 1. Electron 2. Proton 3. Neutron Slide 26 (Answer) / 176 Slide 27 / 176 6 Label the parts of the atom. A 1. Proton 2. Electron 1_ 3. Neutron B 1. Electron - + How Do We Measure Answer + 2. Neutron + - A 3. Proton Matter? 3_ C 1. Neutron 2. Proton - 3. Electron 2_ [This object is a pull tab] D 1. Electron 2. Proton 3. Neutron Return to Table of Contents Slide 28 / 176 Slide 29 / 176 Mass Weight vs Mass We have previously defined the amount of matter - or the amount of "stuff" - as its mass. Many times we use the words Mass is measured in grams (g) or kilograms (kg). (1 kg = 1,000 g*) weight and mass interchangeably (or we use them to mean the same thing). However, this is wrong! Can you remember what the difference is between weight and mass? Talk about it with your partner. "kilo" = 1,000
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