Jonas Lippuner Luke Roberts (MSU), Rodrigo Fern andez (Alberta), - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

The origin of heavy elements: r-process nucleosynthesis in neutron star mergers Jonas Lippuner Luke Roberts (MSU), Rodrigo Fern´ andez (Alberta), Francois Foucart (LBNL), Christian Ott (Caltech), Brian Metzger (Columbia), Matt Duez (WSU) AstroCoffee, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany December 20, 2016

Outline 1. Origin of the elements 2. Nucleosynthesis calculations with SkyNet 3. r-Process nucleosynthesis in neutron star mergers 4. Summary 2 Jonas Lippuner

Solar system abundances 10 even A odd A 8 log relative abundance (Si = 10 6 ) 6 4 2 0 Data credit: Katharina Lodders , ApJ 591, 1220 (2003) − 2 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 Mass number A 3 Jonas Lippuner

Solar system abundances 10 even A odd A 8 Big Bang Nucleosynthesis log relative abundance (Si = 10 6 ) 6 4 2 0 Data credit: Katharina Lodders , ApJ 591, 1220 (2003) − 2 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 Mass number A 4 Jonas Lippuner

Solar system abundances 10 even A odd A 8 Big Bang Nucleosynthesis log relative abundance (Si = 10 6 ) Alpha elements 6 4 2 0 Data credit: Katharina Lodders , ApJ 591, 1220 (2003) − 2 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 Mass number A 5 Jonas Lippuner

Solar system abundances 10 even A odd A 8 Big Bang Nucleosynthesis log relative abundance (Si = 10 6 ) Alpha elements iron-peak 6 4 2 0 Data credit: Katharina Lodders , ApJ 591, 1220 (2003) − 2 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 Mass number A 6 Jonas Lippuner

Solar system abundances 10 even A odd A 8 Big Bang Nucleosynthesis log relative abundance (Si = 10 6 ) Alpha elements iron-peak 6 4 1 st peak 2 2 nd peak 3 rd peak 0 Data credit: Katharina Lodders , ApJ 591, 1220 (2003) − 2 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 Mass number A 7 Jonas Lippuner

The s-process slow neutron capture 90 Zr 91 Zr 92 Zr τ β − Ȃ τ n ∼ 10 2 − 10 5 yr 89 Y 84 Sr 86 Sr 87 Sr 88 Sr 85 Rb 87 Rb 78 Kr 80 Kr 82 Kr 83 Kr 84 Kr 86 Kr 79 Br 81 Br 74 Se 76 Se 77 Se 78 Se 80 Se 82 Se 75 As 70 Ge 72 Ge 73 Ge 74 Ge 76 Ge 69 Ga 71 Ga 66 Zn 67 Zn 68 Zn 70 Zn 65 Cu closed neutron shell 8 Jonas Lippuner

The s-process slow neutron capture 90 Zr 91 Zr 92 Zr τ β − Ȃ τ n ∼ 10 2 − 10 5 yr 89 Y 84 Sr 86 Sr 87 Sr 88 Sr 85 Rb 87 Rb 78 Kr 80 Kr 82 Kr 83 Kr 84 Kr 86 Kr 79 Br 81 Br 74 Se 76 Se 77 Se 78 Se 80 Se 82 Se 75 As 70 Ge 72 Ge 73 Ge 74 Ge 76 Ge 69 Ga 71 Ga 66 Zn 67 Zn 68 Zn 70 Zn 65 Cu closed neutron shell 8 Jonas Lippuner

The s-process slow neutron capture 90 Zr 91 Zr 92 Zr τ β − Ȃ τ n ∼ 10 2 − 10 5 yr 89 Y 84 Sr 86 Sr 87 Sr 88 Sr 85 Rb 87 Rb 78 Kr 80 Kr 82 Kr 83 Kr 84 Kr 86 Kr 79 Br 81 Br 74 Se 76 Se 77 Se 78 Se 80 Se 82 Se 75 As 70 Ge 72 Ge 73 Ge 74 Ge 76 Ge 69 Ga 71 Ga 66 Zn 67 Zn 68 Zn 70 Zn 65 Cu closed neutron shell 8 Jonas Lippuner

The s-process slow neutron capture 90 Zr 91 Zr 92 Zr τ β − Ȃ τ n ∼ 10 2 − 10 5 yr 89 Y 84 Sr 86 Sr 87 Sr 88 Sr 85 Rb 87 Rb 78 Kr 80 Kr 82 Kr 83 Kr 84 Kr 86 Kr 79 Br 81 Br 74 Se 76 Se 77 Se 78 Se 80 Se 82 Se 75 As 70 Ge 72 Ge 73 Ge 74 Ge 76 Ge 69 Ga 71 Ga 66 Zn 67 Zn 68 Zn 70 Zn 65 Cu closed neutron shell 8 Jonas Lippuner

The s-process slow neutron capture 90 Zr 91 Zr 92 Zr τ β − Ȃ τ n ∼ 10 2 − 10 5 yr 89 Y 84 Sr 86 Sr 87 Sr 88 Sr 85 Rb 87 Rb 78 Kr 80 Kr 82 Kr 83 Kr 84 Kr 86 Kr 79 Br 81 Br 74 Se 76 Se 77 Se 78 Se 80 Se 82 Se 75 As 70 Ge 72 Ge 73 Ge 74 Ge 76 Ge 69 Ga 71 Ga 66 Zn 67 Zn 68 Zn 70 Zn 65 Cu closed neutron shell 8 Jonas Lippuner

The s-process slow neutron capture 90 Zr 91 Zr 92 Zr τ β − Ȃ τ n ∼ 10 2 − 10 5 yr 89 Y 84 Sr 86 Sr 87 Sr 88 Sr 85 Rb 87 Rb 78 Kr 80 Kr 82 Kr 83 Kr 84 Kr 86 Kr 79 Br 81 Br 74 Se 76 Se 77 Se 78 Se 80 Se 82 Se 75 As 70 Ge 72 Ge 73 Ge 74 Ge 76 Ge 69 Ga 71 Ga 66 Zn 67 Zn 68 Zn 70 Zn 65 Cu closed neutron shell 8 Jonas Lippuner

The s-process slow neutron capture 90 Zr 91 Zr 92 Zr τ β − Ȃ τ n ∼ 10 2 − 10 5 yr 89 Y 84 Sr 86 Sr 87 Sr 88 Sr 85 Rb 87 Rb 78 Kr 80 Kr 82 Kr 83 Kr 84 Kr 86 Kr 79 Br 81 Br 74 Se 76 Se 77 Se 78 Se 80 Se 82 Se 75 As 70 Ge 72 Ge 73 Ge 74 Ge 76 Ge 69 Ga 71 Ga 66 Zn 67 Zn 68 Zn 70 Zn 65 Cu closed neutron shell 8 Jonas Lippuner

The s-process slow neutron capture 90 Zr 91 Zr 92 Zr τ β − Ȃ τ n ∼ 10 2 − 10 5 yr 89 Y 84 Sr 86 Sr 87 Sr 88 Sr 85 Rb 87 Rb 78 Kr 80 Kr 82 Kr 83 Kr 84 Kr 86 Kr 79 Br 81 Br 74 Se 76 Se 77 Se 78 Se 80 Se 82 Se 75 As 70 Ge 72 Ge 73 Ge 74 Ge 76 Ge 69 Ga 71 Ga 66 Zn 67 Zn 68 Zn 70 Zn 65 Cu closed neutron shell 8 Jonas Lippuner

The s-process slow neutron capture 90 Zr 91 Zr 92 Zr τ β − Ȃ τ n ∼ 10 2 − 10 5 yr 89 Y 84 Sr 86 Sr 87 Sr 88 Sr 85 Rb 87 Rb 78 Kr 80 Kr 82 Kr 83 Kr 84 Kr 86 Kr 79 Br 81 Br 74 Se 76 Se 77 Se 78 Se 80 Se 82 Se 75 As 70 Ge 72 Ge 73 Ge 74 Ge 76 Ge 69 Ga 71 Ga 66 Zn 67 Zn 68 Zn 70 Zn 65 Cu closed neutron shell 8 Jonas Lippuner

The s-process slow neutron capture 90 Zr 91 Zr 92 Zr τ β − Ȃ τ n ∼ 10 2 − 10 5 yr 89 Y 84 Sr 86 Sr 87 Sr 88 Sr 85 Rb 87 Rb 78 Kr 80 Kr 82 Kr 83 Kr 84 Kr 86 Kr 79 Br 81 Br 74 Se 76 Se 77 Se 78 Se 80 Se 82 Se 75 As 70 Ge 72 Ge 73 Ge 74 Ge 76 Ge 69 Ga 71 Ga 66 Zn 67 Zn 68 Zn 70 Zn 65 Cu closed neutron shell 8 Jonas Lippuner

The s-process slow neutron capture 90 Zr 91 Zr 92 Zr τ β − Ȃ τ n ∼ 10 2 − 10 5 yr 89 Y 84 Sr 86 Sr 87 Sr 88 Sr 85 Rb 87 Rb 78 Kr 80 Kr 82 Kr 83 Kr 84 Kr 86 Kr 79 Br 81 Br 74 Se 76 Se 77 Se 78 Se 80 Se 82 Se 75 As 70 Ge 72 Ge 73 Ge 74 Ge 76 Ge 69 Ga 71 Ga 66 Zn 67 Zn 68 Zn 70 Zn 65 Cu closed neutron shell 8 Jonas Lippuner

The s-process slow neutron capture 90 Zr 91 Zr 92 Zr τ β − Ȃ τ n ∼ 10 2 − 10 5 yr 89 Y 84 Sr 86 Sr 87 Sr 88 Sr 85 Rb 87 Rb 78 Kr 80 Kr 82 Kr 83 Kr 84 Kr 86 Kr 79 Br 81 Br 74 Se 76 Se 77 Se 78 Se 80 Se 82 Se 75 As 70 Ge 72 Ge 73 Ge 74 Ge 76 Ge 69 Ga 71 Ga 66 Zn 67 Zn 68 Zn 70 Zn 65 Cu closed neutron shell 8 Jonas Lippuner

The s-process slow neutron capture 90 Zr 91 Zr 92 Zr τ β − Ȃ τ n ∼ 10 2 − 10 5 yr 89 Y 84 Sr 86 Sr 87 Sr 88 Sr 85 Rb 87 Rb 78 Kr 80 Kr 82 Kr 83 Kr 84 Kr 86 Kr 79 Br 81 Br 74 Se 76 Se 77 Se 78 Se 80 Se 82 Se 75 As 70 Ge 72 Ge 73 Ge 74 Ge 76 Ge 69 Ga 71 Ga 66 Zn 67 Zn 68 Zn 70 Zn 65 Cu closed neutron shell 8 Jonas Lippuner

The r-process rapid neutron capture 90 Zr 91 Zr 92 Zr τ n Ȃ τ β − ∼ 10 ms – 10 s 89 Y 84 Sr 86 Sr 87 Sr 88 Sr 85 Rb 87 Rb 78 Kr 80 Kr 82 Kr 83 Kr 84 Kr 86 Kr 79 Br 81 Br 74 Se 76 Se 77 Se 78 Se 80 Se 82 Se 75 As 70 Ge 72 Ge 73 Ge 74 Ge 76 Ge 69 Ga 71 Ga 66 Zn 67 Zn 68 Zn 70 Zn 65 Cu closed neutron shell 9 Jonas Lippuner

The r-process rapid neutron capture 90 Zr 91 Zr 92 Zr τ n Ȃ τ β − ∼ 10 ms – 10 s 89 Y 84 Sr 86 Sr 87 Sr 88 Sr 85 Rb 87 Rb 78 Kr 80 Kr 82 Kr 83 Kr 84 Kr 86 Kr 79 Br 81 Br 74 Se 76 Se 77 Se 78 Se 80 Se 82 Se 75 As 70 Ge 72 Ge 73 Ge 74 Ge 76 Ge 69 Ga 71 Ga 66 Zn 67 Zn 68 Zn 70 Zn 65 Cu closed neutron shell 9 Jonas Lippuner

The r-process rapid neutron capture 90 Zr 91 Zr 92 Zr τ n Ȃ τ β − ∼ 10 ms – 10 s 89 Y 84 Sr 86 Sr 87 Sr 88 Sr 85 Rb 87 Rb 78 Kr 80 Kr 82 Kr 83 Kr 84 Kr 86 Kr 79 Br 81 Br 74 Se 76 Se 77 Se 78 Se 80 Se 82 Se 75 As 70 Ge 72 Ge 73 Ge 74 Ge 76 Ge 69 Ga 71 Ga 66 Zn 67 Zn 68 Zn 70 Zn 65 Cu closed neutron shell 9 Jonas Lippuner

The r-process rapid neutron capture 90 Zr 91 Zr 92 Zr τ n Ȃ τ β − ∼ 10 ms – 10 s 89 Y 84 Sr 86 Sr 87 Sr 88 Sr 85 Rb 87 Rb 78 Kr 80 Kr 82 Kr 83 Kr 84 Kr 86 Kr 79 Br 81 Br 74 Se 76 Se 77 Se 78 Se 80 Se 82 Se 75 As 70 Ge 72 Ge 73 Ge 74 Ge 76 Ge 69 Ga 71 Ga 66 Zn 67 Zn 68 Zn 70 Zn 65 Cu closed neutron shell 9 Jonas Lippuner

The r-process rapid neutron capture 90 Zr 91 Zr 92 Zr τ n Ȃ τ β − ∼ 10 ms – 10 s 89 Y 84 Sr 86 Sr 87 Sr 88 Sr 85 Rb 87 Rb 78 Kr 80 Kr 82 Kr 83 Kr 84 Kr 86 Kr 79 Br 81 Br 74 Se 76 Se 77 Se 78 Se 80 Se 82 Se 75 As 70 Ge 72 Ge 73 Ge 74 Ge 76 Ge 69 Ga 71 Ga 66 Zn 67 Zn 68 Zn 70 Zn 65 Cu closed neutron shell 9 Jonas Lippuner

The r-process rapid neutron capture 90 Zr 91 Zr 92 Zr τ n Ȃ τ β − ∼ 10 ms – 10 s 89 Y 84 Sr 86 Sr 87 Sr 88 Sr 85 Rb 87 Rb 78 Kr 80 Kr 82 Kr 83 Kr 84 Kr 86 Kr 79 Br 81 Br 74 Se 76 Se 77 Se 78 Se 80 Se 82 Se 75 As 70 Ge 72 Ge 73 Ge 74 Ge 76 Ge 69 Ga 71 Ga 66 Zn 67 Zn 68 Zn 70 Zn 65 Cu closed neutron shell 9 Jonas Lippuner

The r-process rapid neutron capture 90 Zr 91 Zr 92 Zr τ n Ȃ τ β − ∼ 10 ms – 10 s 89 Y 84 Sr 86 Sr 87 Sr 88 Sr 85 Rb 87 Rb 78 Kr 80 Kr 82 Kr 83 Kr 84 Kr 86 Kr 79 Br 81 Br 74 Se 76 Se 77 Se 78 Se 80 Se 82 Se 75 As 70 Ge 72 Ge 73 Ge 74 Ge 76 Ge 69 Ga 71 Ga 66 Zn 67 Zn 68 Zn 70 Zn 65 Cu closed neutron shell 9 Jonas Lippuner

The r-process rapid neutron capture 90 Zr 91 Zr 92 Zr τ n Ȃ τ β − ∼ 10 ms – 10 s 89 Y 84 Sr 86 Sr 87 Sr 88 Sr 85 Rb 87 Rb 78 Kr 80 Kr 82 Kr 83 Kr 84 Kr 86 Kr 79 Br 81 Br 74 Se 76 Se 77 Se 78 Se 80 Se 82 Se 75 As 70 Ge 72 Ge 73 Ge 74 Ge 76 Ge 69 Ga 71 Ga 66 Zn 67 Zn 68 Zn 70 Zn 65 Cu closed neutron shell 9 Jonas Lippuner

The r-process rapid neutron capture 90 Zr 91 Zr 92 Zr τ n Ȃ τ β − ∼ 10 ms – 10 s 89 Y 84 Sr 86 Sr 87 Sr 88 Sr 85 Rb 87 Rb 78 Kr 80 Kr 82 Kr 83 Kr 84 Kr 86 Kr 79 Br 81 Br 74 Se 76 Se 77 Se 78 Se 80 Se 82 Se 75 As 70 Ge 72 Ge 73 Ge 74 Ge 76 Ge 69 Ga 71 Ga 66 Zn 67 Zn 68 Zn 70 Zn 65 Cu closed neutron shell 9 Jonas Lippuner

The r-process rapid neutron capture 90 Zr 91 Zr 92 Zr τ n Ȃ τ β − ∼ 10 ms – 10 s 89 Y 84 Sr 86 Sr 87 Sr 88 Sr 85 Rb 87 Rb 78 Kr 80 Kr 82 Kr 83 Kr 84 Kr 86 Kr 79 Br 81 Br 74 Se 76 Se 77 Se 78 Se 80 Se 82 Se 75 As 70 Ge 72 Ge 73 Ge 74 Ge 76 Ge 69 Ga 71 Ga 66 Zn 67 Zn 68 Zn 70 Zn 65 Cu closed neutron shell 9 Jonas Lippuner