FERMILAB-SLIDES-18-048-DI Use of E-Beams to Treat Waste Water May 17 th , 2018 Fermi National Accelerator Lab Dr. Charlie Cooper Illinois Accelerator Research Center This manuscript has been authored by Fermi Research Alliance, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11359 with the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of High Energy Physics.
Fermi National Accelerator Lab • Fermi is a National Lab Funded by the Department of Energy • ~ $400 M/yr operating budget with 2000 staff (>3500 users) • Base mission of discovery science through high energy physics research – Celebrating 51 years of science(Discovery of Top Quark, Bottom Quark, Observation Tau Neutrino) • Fundamental discovery tool at Fermi is the particle accelerator – Largest concentration of accelerator experts in the World – Expertise in accelerator design, simulation, fabrication, integration and test – Unique facilities for design, test and operation of accelerators Charlie Cooper | Illinois Accelerator Research Center
Background, Illinois Accelerator Research Center • There have been and will continue to be new technologies developed in the pursuit of basic science. (Accelerators, Detectors, Magnets, Computing) • IARC is focused on developing accelerator based technologies to the point where they are attractive to industry. • Through IARC we can leverage Fermi’s human capital, facilities and technologies. • We believe that the technologies we are developing at IARC will enable new fields and demonstrate Fermi’s impact, beyond basic discovery science, on the nation’s health, security and wealth. • http://iarc.fnal.gov/ Charlie Cooper | Illinois Accelerator Research Center
Background – Electron Beam Accelerators • At Fermilab particle accelerators are a fundamental tool used in discovery science • In industry over 30,000 accelerators operating worldwide, electron beam accelerators have over $2 B/yr in sales, touch more than $ 500 B/yr in products Charlie Cooper | Illinois Accelerator Research Center
Compact Accelerator for Pavement • High power and good penetration depth allow for rapid deployment of new pavement 1 cm • Enables use of new types of pavement materials that are more resilient to wear than asphalt 2 cm • Can be used for applications like military runways, specialty coatings, and normal roadways • Penetration depth allows for cold repairs • U.S. Patent # 9,186,645 & 9,340,931 Charlie Cooper | Illinois Accelerator Research Center
Background – Electron Beam Treatment of Water Electron Beam H 2 O OH-, H+, e- aq , H 2 , H 2 O 2 • Simultaneously acts on contaminants while generating oxidizing and reducing 100 MTBE 90 TCE radicals from the water 80 PCE • Removal of toxic chemicals not removed 70 Benzene Toluene 60 in conventional domestic water treatment E-Benzene 50 o-Xylene • Pharmaceuticals 40 CHCL3 30 • Agricultural run off EDB 20 NDMA • Fuel additives (MTBE) 10 Atrazine 0 Simazine • PCBs Experiment A • PFAS/PFOA - perfluorinated *William J. Cooper, Dept. of Civil and Env. compounds Engineering, UC, Irvine • Reduction in pathogens • No toxic residuals (no secondary waste generation) Charlie Cooper | Illinois Accelerator Research Center
Other Contaminants Concentrations of perfluorooctanoic acid according to the adsorbed dose and Nitric concentrations Li Wang et. al, “Electron beam treatment for potable water reuse: Removal of bromate and perfluorooctanoic acid”, Chem Eng J, 302 (2016) I.H Jung et. al, Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, “Destruction of PCBs in transformer oil by an E-beam”, vol 109, 208 Concentrations of PCBs according to the adsorbed dose. Charlie Cooper | Illinois Accelerator Research Center
E-Beam Work on Water at Fermi – New Accelerators • DOE/Army Funding paying for design and development of novel, energy efficient accelerators for water treatment. Currently we are integrating multiple new technologies to create a novel electron accelerator: • Compact\Portable • High Power\High Throughput • High Reliability\24-7 Operation • Energy Efficient\Reduced Operating Costs Report:http://lss.fnal.gov/archive/tes t-fn/1000/fermilab-fn-1055-di.pdf Charlie Cooper | Illinois Accelerator Research Center
E-Beam Work on Water at Fermi/MWRD of Chicago Locations for EB Treatment A B E D C Charlie Cooper | Illinois Accelerator Research Center
E-Beam Work on Water at Fermi • MWRD of Chicago first partner in water sector • Also working with other municipalities and military applications • Starting to get into some industrial applications • Hosted NSF funded workshop in second week of May 2018 on using E-beams to treat waste water and solids. – Good turn out from Municipalities, Industry, Government and Academia – Discussion focused on getting electron beam technology to market with sections on emerging contaminants, economics, new technology and barriers to implementation – Report forthcoming Charlie Cooper | Illinois Accelerator Research Center
Proof of Principal Work at Fermi A2D2 Developmental Accelerator. • We are concurrently developing applications for compact accelerator. • We routinely receive samples to treat via electron beam from partners. Charlie Cooper | Illinois Accelerator Research Center
Demonstration: Municipal Waste Water • Miami, Florida treatment facility • 150 GPM • Effective in disinfecting and removing organic waste from municipal waste water • Treatment cost estimated at 1.5-2 cents/gal in 1995 • 99.9 percent of sludge bacteria was killed via electron beam treatment. *CN Kurucz et al., “The Miami electron beam research facility: a large scale waste water treatment application”, Radiat. Phys. Chem. Vol. 45, pp299-308 (1995) Charlie Cooper | Illinois Accelerator Research Center
Demonstration: Textile Wastewater Treatment • Treatment of 1000 m 3 /day (180 gpm) of water from textile dyeing process • Showed significant decrease in TOC, COD Cr and BOD 5 (30-40% increased removal eff.) • Based of earlier success 10,000 m 3 /day plant constructed for $4M US in 2005 Interaction area of water and beam • Operational cost measured (beam on to the right) to be 0.11 cents/gal. B Han et al., “Operation of industrial-scale electron beam wastewater treatment plant”, Rad. Phy. Chem. 81, p1475-1478 (2012) Charlie Cooper | Illinois Accelerator Research Center
Cost • Is dependent on what you are treating and at what dose. • Economic study presented at workshop by Dan Meeroff, FAU – Waste Water (@20 kGy) • $5-6/kgal ($2-4/kgal Conv) – Biosolids(20 kGy) • $160-240/DT($60-90/DT Conv) 1 Gy = 1Gray = joule/kilogram Charlie Cooper | Illinois Accelerator Research Center
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