Urban Freight transport and Logistics Urban logistics issues in - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

RMIT Workshop on: “ Urban Freight transport and Logistics” “Urban logistics issues in the European experience” By Prof. George A. Giannopoulos Academy of Athens - former Director of the National transport research Institute of Greece - Centre for Research and Technology Hellas (CERTH/HIT) E-mail: anagi@otenet.gr

PART A: The Issues

Major developments and trends Market globalization  Transport deregulation  Logistics/Supply chain management (new concepts  and practices) Technology (e.g. 3D printing, internet of things, etc.)  Business Practices  Warehouse/distribution center development  Industrial production (centralization of manufacturing,  stockholding points, and retailing) More product variety & one stop shopping  Business / carrier mergers  Urban development  Urban population to grow up to 85% in the more, and  up to 65% in the less, developed regions of the world. Urban functions less self supporting (higher transport  demand)  Increased welfare environmental concerns

Urban Freight Distribution and Logistics – A multi- stakeholders affair… Stakeholder type Main role Interest in Shipper Owner of goods Delivery and pick up of their goods at the lowest cost while meeting the needs of their customers Transport company Transport operation (low cost high Satisfaction of the interests of the quality) shippers and receivers Receiver / shop owner Delivery of goods in time Minimization of “ lead - time” Inhabitants Consumer of goods Minimum hindrance caused by UGT Visitor / shopper Consumer of goods Minimum hindrance caused by UGT and high variety of goods in shops Local Government Monitoring and control Attractive city / minimum environmental hindrance / efficient traffic operation National Government Legislation setting / overall Economic growth / minimum transport policy external effects / development

… and a multitude of interactions and correlations to take care off !

… All these complex interrelations and “operational” hurdles, superimposed with all other existing challenges and problems facing Urban Transport:

PART B: Current Measures, Solutions and Approaches used in European cities

There is a multitude of measures and actions applied  Crowdsourcing for the last mile  Vehicle weight & size restrictions  Urban delivery time windows  Low Emissions Zones (LEZs)  De-coupling of provider / user delivery Regulatory  Congestion charging  Electric & hybrid technology  Mobility credit schemes for vehicles  Subsidies to “virtuous”  ICT * for cargo sharing Urban Freight Transport  ICT * for booking loading / operators unloading bays  Big data utilisation (social Technology Fiscal media, and e-monitoring) (*) Information Communication Technologies  Designation of off-street  On-street loading/unloading bays loading/ unloading facilities for  Urban distribution centres new developments  Designation of logistics zones  Unattended delivery points on the city outskirts  Clean vehicles Infrastructure Land-use  Rail, tram, underground systems

List of most frequent measures and actions (1/4) A. Regulatory, environmental and planning measures  Regulations for the movement of freight in urban areas (Trend towards their harmonization and standardization across Europe)  Vehicle labelling for CO2 emissions - fuel efficiency and Carbon footprint calculators  Eco-driving and speed limits  Low emission zones (LEZ)  Access regulations for off-hours deliveries  Land use and space planning measures Key role of UFT within the Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans - Move for harmonised evaluation methods and data collected: http//:urbanaccessregulations.eu

Land Use and Space planning measures  Developing freight terminal complexes – transportation parks (or freight villages): land use plans should provide for these.  Providing off-street loading docks/space for buildings: zoning ordinance should specify requirements

List of most frequent measures and actions (2/4) B. Traffic Engineering and space management measures  Maximizing the utilization of existing infrastructure capacity (more homogeneous use on a 24-hour basis)  Congestion charging  Location and operation of Urban distribution centers (the debate still going on)  Establishment of freight pick-up points and loading zones  Establishment of truck & delivery lanes  Establishment of truck & delivery times

Examples of specific Traffic Engineering measures (1/3)  Curbside loading zones  Improvements along routes commonly used by large trucks  Intersection improvements at locations with heavy truck use  Cut-outs/turn-outs of wide sidewalks for loading zones

Examples of specific Traffic Engineering measures (2/3) Curbside Loading Zones Issues: Location  Length and marking  Hours of operation  Time limit for turnover  Different zones for different  types of vehicles Enforcement  Curb Space Management:  Competing users of curbside  Buses  Taxi cabs  Service vehicles  Trucks of different types  Who gets priority?

Examples of specific Traffic Engineering measures (3/3) Through Movement of trucks  High volume of heavy trucks on arterial highways – noise, traffic congestion, safety concern, etc.  Lane use restrictions for trucks  Rail-highway grade crossings – safety issues  Delegated Routes for trucks

List of most frequent measures and actions (3/4) C. Vehicles and rolling stock measures  Cleaner, low-noise and more energy-efficient vehicles (electric, LNG, H2)  Weight and dimensions restrictions for UFT vehicles D. Logistics and organizational measures  Consolidation centers & urban logistics terminals  On-line route planning and delivery scheduling according to traffic conditions  Use of reverse logistics practices (moving goods from their typical final destination for the purpose of re-capturing value, or for proper disposal. Also re-use of products and materials, re-manufacturing and re-furbishing activities)  Organizing urban deliveries with cargo cycles

List of most frequent measures and actions (4/4) E. Public awareness measures  Active measures to increase awareness of the importance of urban goods transport and to diffuse knowledge  Freight forums – training programs  Use of social media F. Other  Promote-implement technological and conceptual innovation at all levels  Reduce safety risks for urban goods transport  Promote international co-operation on these issues  Consider plans for non-road transport for UFT

European examples in using key Urban Logistics solutions I. Urban Consolidation Centers & Electric Mobility II. ICT based tools  III. Environmental / Operative tools IV. Marketing oriented solutions

Electric mobility and urban freight consolidation (1/2)  Urban freight distribution increasingly with electric vehicles Products delivered to a suburban consolidation center and then, dispatched to the final customers using a fleet of electric vehicles.  Electric delivery vehicles for rent: a trend that ensures sustainable services for the pickup and delivery of goods in the urban center by the owners of the goods

Electric mobility and urban freight consolidation (2/2)  A mobile depot used to reduce traffic and pollutant emissions. The mobile depot is used for the inner-city deliveries and pick-ups.  Urban Consolidation Centres: Usually associated with another existing facility or with another specific need.

The search for optimum consolidation center arrangements continues - will be further fueled by the advent of e-logistics, 3D printing, and the IoT

ICT / ITS tools for efficient urban Logistics Main uses: 1. More efficient distribution planning and routing (especially in view of future“ internet of things” and big data applications) 2. Monitoring of the distribution vehicles and (individual) cargo items 3. Online communication for routing & scheduling changes between delivery units and transport control center Issue of concern: data security and privacy

Operational / Environmental measures (1/3)  Multi-use lanes Lanes for multiple uses: general traffic, bus traffic, loading/ unloading deliveries and residential car park  Night deliveries Allow more silent trucks to operate in city centre area in late hours in order to avoid congestion Source: http://www.silence-ip.org/

Operative / Environmental measures (2/3)

Operative / Environmental measures(3/3)  Regulations and measures - Time windows - Technical specifications of vehicles for access (type, load, age etc.)  Reduction of Environmental Impacts by better Management o Use of Environmental management systems following standardised procedures o Routing and scheduling for special categories of freight (e.g. for solid and other waste management) As regards waste management ….