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The Use of GIS Technology for The Use of GIS Technology for Planning of GNSS Measurement Planning of GNSS Measurement Dalibor Barton ě k, Irena Opat ř ilová Institute of Geodesy, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Czech Republic

Syllabus Syllabus Introduction  Related works  Scope and aim of the project  Methods of solution  System design  Contemporary results  Conclusions and future work 

INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION Measurement using GNSS technology – usage in geodesy Benefits  sufficient number of visible satellites on the  horizon good constellation of satellites throughout the  day Restrictions  obstacles in terrain  multipath (in dense urban areas) 

INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION Contemporary ontemporary state of issue C state of issue in the past, the main aim of GNSS (GPS) planning  was the determining of the most appropriate time interval for measurement contemporary meaning – navigation of vehicles  and persons in the urban environment, navigation in the airport and maritime transport, geodesy there are a lot of various applications and  software for planning of GNSS measurement

RELATED WORKS RELATED WORKS and software for for planning of Applications Applications and software planning of GNSS measurement measurement GNSS easier tools for planning 1. freely accessible on the internet: a) installed on computer  on-line solution  for registered users (paid) b) part of the processing software for GNSS measurement c) advanced tools for planning with GIS support 2. not considering influence of multipath a) functional tools for ArcGIS b) sophisticated tools with the influence of multipath c)

RELATED WORKS: RELATED WORKS: 1. easier easier tools for planning 1. tools for planning inputs of user:  location on the ground (position and height)  time data of observation (date and total time)  interval of evaluation  elevation cutoff  manual plotting of obstacles of horizon (necessity of  reconnaissance) outputs of evaluation:  number of visible satellites  elevation and azimuth of satellites above horizon  DOP values  Sky Plot 

RELATED WORKS 1: RELATED WORKS 1: number of visible satellites number of visible satellites Planning software (Trimble)

RELATED WORKS 1: RELATED WORKS 1: sky plot sky plot Web Mission Planning on-line application (Ashtech) GNSS Planning Online application (Trimble)

RELATED WORKS 1: RELATED WORKS 1: DOP OP values values D Standalone Mission Planning tool (Topcon)

RELATED WORKS 2: RELATED WORKS 2: 2. advanced advanced tools for planning 2. tools for planning the creating of simulation model of locality of  measurement on the base of 3D data (frequently digital elevation model ) automated determination of obstacles of horizon  (without any reconnaissance before evaluation of planning) evaluation of accessibility of GNSS is often areal  (number of visible satellites, DOP values) some of them aim to determine multipath risk 

RELATED WORKS 2: RELATED WORKS 2: number of visible satellites number of visible satellites SKYPLOT_DEM tool

RELATED WORKS 2: RELATED WORKS 2: GDOP values values GDOP SKYPLOT_DEM tool

RELATED WORKS: RELATED WORKS: Evaluation valuation of contemporary state of E of contemporary state of issue of GNSS planning planning issue of GNSS none of the advanced tools solve planning  systematic and complex (for end users) there is not any tool for planning of individual  surveying GNSS methods for now, advanced tools are only on the level of  scientific and research work => aim of the work 

SCOPE AND AIM OF THE PROJECT the aim is the creating of advanced application  for planning of GNSS measurement on given locality with using GIS technology the application for planning of measurement will  examine the applicability of individual GNSS methods for the selected locality of measurement

AIM OF the the WORK AIM OF WORK

METHODS of SOLUTION Factor algebra (to split locality into sub-areas)  Optimization (searching suitable GNSS method)  Fuzzy logic (GNSS measuring - uncertainty  process) Expert system (previous experience of  measuring) Spatial analysis (DMT evaluation in GIS)  Discrete simulation/Data mining (prediction of  important parametres of the sub-locality)

METHODS of SOLUTION Optimization – for each sub-locality:  s a w   jk jk q j s  Where k 1 q j … quality of j -th surveying method a jk … parameter of j -th surveying method w jk … weight of parameter of j -th surveying method s … number of parameters of j -th surveying method.

SYSTEM DESIGN: SYSTEM DESIGN: block scheme block scheme

SYSTEM DESIGN: SYSTEM DESIGN: geo- -database database geo

SYSTEM DESIGN: SYSTEM DESIGN: the users of application the users of application surveyors – manager planning of surveying  methods on given locality area of civil engineering and agriculture – for  navigation of earthmoving machinery

SYSTEM DESIGN: SYSTEM DESIGN: process control (manager manager) ) process control ( the core of application  selection of needed data from geo-database  control of individual processes of planning  (state diagram) user interface  entry of the required parameters before evaluating  display of the results to the user 

SYSTEM DESIGN: SYSTEM DESIGN: simulation model simulation model formed mathematical relationships  in GIS simulation of real environment in which  measurement is considered solving of tasks:  processing of data from almanac  determining of obstacles of horizon  derivation availability of GNSS  derivation of the availability of the signal of mobile  operator

SYSTEM DESIGN: SYSTEM DESIGN: spatial analyses spatial analyses maximum usage of built-in functions in ArcGIS  software in other cases, functional tools newly  programmed with Python realization of some tasks of a simulation model 

SYSTEM DESIGN: SYSTEM DESIGN: expert system system expert formed personal geo-databases created in Microsoft  Access parameters gathered from surveying experience  assumption verification after each measurement  design of database depending on the parameters  influencing the accuracy of the GNSS methods

CONTEMPORARY RESULTS: : state diagram of of control module state diagram control module

CONTEMPORARY RESULTS: : ER diagram diagram of of database of expert system ER database of expert system

CONTEMPORARY RESULTS: : database scheme of expert system database scheme of expert system

FUTURE WORK: FUTURE WORK: evaluation of planning evaluation of planning evaluation in graphic and text form  graphical outputs for viewing through GIS:  layer with plotting, where is possible / impossible to  measure by the selected GNSS method layers with information on the number of visible  satellites, DOP values, multipath risks, intensity of mobile signal, ionospheric status, etc. textual form as a protocol - information about the  percentage evaluation

CONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS The aim is to create advanced application for planning GNSS  based on GIS technology application especially for surveyors, as well as in the field of  civil engineering and agriculture So far this has been proposed:  block scheme of application with GIS support  mathematical model and objective function  state diagram of control module  database of expert system (ER diagram, database scheme)  next steps:  partial implementation of functional modules (according to block  diagram) in Python (ArcGIS) fulfillment of expert database sample data  testing and verification of application 

I nstitute of Geodesy Faculty of Civil Engineering, Brno University of Technology Czech Republic Thank you for your attention Thank you for your attention contacts: Dalibor Barton ě k I rena Opat ř ilová bartonek.d@fce.vutbr.cz opatrilovai@fce.vutbr.cz