The Geography of Poverty and Opportunity in Contra Costa County Elizabeth Kneebone March 26, 2018
Today, more of the nation’s poor live in suburbs than in cities 18,000 Suburbs Cities 16,000 14,000 12,000 Thousands 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 1970 1980 1990 2000 2016 NOTE: The federal poverty threshold for a fam ily of four w as $24,563 in 2016 Source: Decennial census and Am erican Com m unity Survey data
Since 2000, most of the growth in the Bay Area poor population has been in suburbs 300,000 Poor Individuals in Suburbs Poor Individuals in Cities 250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000 - 1970 1980 1990 2000 2016 Num ber in poverty in the San Francisco-Oakland-Hayw ard m etro area, central cities versus suburbs, 1970-2016. Source: U.S. Census Bureau data
The Bay Area is beginning to see some progress against poverty in the post-recession era Poor Individuals in the Bay Area 2000 2007 2015 2016 300,000 250,000 200,000 150,000 100,000 50,000 0 CITIES SUBURBS Source: U.S. Census Bureau data
In 2016, Contra Costa County’s poor population was more than one-third larger compared to 2000 Ch an ge in th e Poor Popu lation , 20 0 0 to 20 12-16 20,000 18,000 16,000 14,000 12,000 10,000 8,000 6,000 4,000 2,000 0 AN T I O CH CO N CO R D P I T T S BU R G BR E N T W O O D O AKLE Y S AN R AM O N W ALN U T R I CH M O N D CR E E K Source: U.S. Census Bureau data Source: Brookings analysis of U.S. Census Bureau data
The primary city poverty rate is higher than the suburban rate, but individual jurisdictions exceed the average Bay Area Poverty Rates in 2012-16 21% 17% 15% 15% 14% 12% 9% Cities Suburbs San Pablo Richmond Pittsburg Antioch Concord Source: Brookings analysis of U.S. Census Bureau data Source: U.S. Census Bureau data
Pockets of poverty can be found throughout the region Poverty Rate 2011-2015 0.0 - 10.0 10.1 - 20.0 20.1 - 30.0 30.1 - 40.0 40.1 - 100.0 Source: U.S. Census Bureau data
Pockets of poverty can be found throughout the region 2000 2012-16 Poverty Rate 0.0 - 10.0 10.1 - 20.0 20.1 - 30.0 30.1 - 40.0 40.1 - 100.0 Source: U.S. Census Bureau data
A number of factors have contributed to these trends
A number of factors have contributed to these trends: POPULATION CHANGE 1,135,127 948,816 2000 2016 Population Change, Contra Costa County, 2000 to 2016 Source: ACS and decennial Census data
A number of factors have contributed to these trends: HOUSING MARKET DYNAMICS 8,972 7,046 2004 2017 Number of Housing Choice Vouchers in Contra Costa County Source: HUD “Picture of Subsidized Housing” data
A number of factors have contributed to these trends: LABOR MARKET DYNAMICS 2007 2010 2016 11.0% 4.7% 4.4% Unemployment Rate in Contra Costa County Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Addressing these shifting dynamics is complicated in the suburban landscape Lim ited Strained Transit Access Safety Net
And suburban jurisdictions often face additional challenges Lack of Funding Fragm entation Capacity Constraints
Policymakers, funders, and practitioners are finding ways to… Collaborate Achieve Fund and Scale Strategically Integrate
Chicago Regional Housing Initiative Collaboration of 10 public housing authorities, the metropolitan planning organization, the Illinois Housing Development Authority, and others Partner PHAs pool a portion of their rental assistance vouchers to support the construction or rehab of affordable housing units in opportunity and priority reinvestment areas A shared waiting list increases options for residents across the region
Housing Partnership Equity Trust HPN created a REIT with an initial investment of $100 million from a range of private and philanthropic investors Works with 12 high-performing nonprofits across the country that can also provide wraparound services to tenants Acquires “naturally affordable” multifamily rental properties for low- income residents without subsidies
ekneebone@berkeley.edu
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