The Challenges and Opportunities for Faculty and Staff Working with Increasingly Diverse Students Ohlone College Learning College Week Presenter: Matthew R. Mock, PhD Berkeley, California DrMMock@comcast.net I Matthew R. Mock, PhD 1 January 24, 2013 DrMMock@comcast.net
Description In order to effectively teach students from increasingly diverse backgrounds, instructors may need to consider new strategies. Addressing individual and group dynamics in the classroom means paying attention to diverse learning styles, ways of communicating, interaction and group management. Matthew R. Mock, PhD 2 January 24, 2013 DrMMock@comcast.net
Description (continued) Faculty often become aware of academic, social, health and mental health needs of students. This workshop will address some of these complex needs, the necessity of cultural competence and developing strategies of care. This is to assist faculty in work already being done. Matthew R. Mock, PhD 3 January 24, 2013 DrMMock@comcast.net
The Goals of the Workshop Participants will: Appreciate the role of culture and human diversity for effective teaching and learning in a community college setting Understand aspects of (clinical) assessment central to working effectively with students who are becoming increasingly diverse overall Understand the development of the commitment to cultural competence in California’s public mental health system inc. college settings Consider new strategies for learning supports & MH care Matthew R. Mock, PhD 4 January 24, 2013 DrMMock@comcast.net
Ohlone College: Related Vision Ohlone College will be known throughout California for our inclusiveness, innovation, and superior rates for student success. Matthew R. Mock, PhD 5 January 24, 2013 DrMMock@comcast.net
Ohlone College: Mission Statement – Related Vision …basic skills, career entry, university transfer, economic development, and personal enrichment for all…student learning success is highly valued, supported and continually assessed. Matthew R. Mock, PhD 6 January 24, 2013 DrMMock@comcast.net
Ohlone College: Core Values Life long learning Open access…reaching out to underserved populations Promote diversity, inclusiveness and openness to differing viewpoints High standards…in pursuit of excellence Value trust, respect and integrity Promote teamwork and open communication Practice innovation, risk-taking… Matthew R. Mock, PhD 7 January 24, 2013 DrMMock@comcast.net
Ohlone College: Goals in Concert Improve student learning, achievement Promote continuous, needs-based learning and professional development Use (all) resources effectively for students Enhance college-wide interaction with acceptance of diverse peoples, cultures… Increase access to under-served, -represented Engage all in continual institutional improvement Matthew R. Mock, PhD 8 January 24, 2013 DrMMock@comcast.net
Definition of Culture… Culture: “An integrated pattern of human behavior that includes thought, communication, actions, customs, beliefs, values and institutions of a racial, ethnic, religious or social group” (CA State DMH) We all have culture, cultural backgrounds. Experiential Process: In pairs share your family historical name of origin. Debrief. Matthew R. Mock, PhD 9 January 24, 2013 DrMMock@comcast.net
The Importance of Cultural Competence Essential aspect of client and family centered services Person-centered care inc. teaching and learning means understanding the person’s culture Increasing cultural competence means improving the quality (CQI) of care for all Responding to community needs and eliminating disparities Integral to recovery, wellness and resilience Matthew R. Mock, PhD 10 January 24, 2013 DrMMock@comcast.net
Current and Changing Demographics of California Over 50% of the state’s population consists of “persons of color” California’s cultural and linguistic diversity will continue to grow Immigration Population growth Acknowledgement of the meaning of diversity California’s growing diversity increases attention to areas of human diversity. Matthew R. Mock, PhD 11 January 24, 2013 DrMMock@comcast.net
Demographic Trends: Increasing Diversity 80 White 70 60 African American 50 40 Hispanic 30 Asian/Pacific 20 Islander 10 American Indian/ 0 Alaskan Native 1990 1996 2005 2030 Matthew R. Mock, PhD 12 Source: U.S. Census Bureau January 24, 2013 DrMMock@comcast.net
Disparities Among Cultural, Ethnic, Racial and Linguistic Communities Mental Health: Culture, Race and Ethnicity: A Supplement to the Surgeon General’s Report on Mental Health (2001, USDHHS www.surgeongeneral.gov/library ) Striking disparities in Access to care Quality of services Availability of responsive services Matthew R. Mock, PhD 13 January 24, 2013 DrMMock@comcast.net
Imperatives: Some Key Findings 40% of Hispanic Americans report limited English proficiency yet there are limited bilingual bicultural providers, workers in public settings Asian American/Pacific Islanders who seek care for mental illness often present with more severe illness, perhaps due to stigma and shame Disproportionate numbers of African Americans are homeless, incarcerated, in child welfare, victims of trauma Historical trauma of Native Americans and its effects today are insufficiently acknowledged Matthew R. Mock, PhD 14 January 24, 2013 DrMMock@comcast.net
A Brief History of Cultural Competence Initiatives Child and Adolescent Services System program—CASSP Minority Resource Initiative Committee Georgetown Monograph: “Towards a Culturally Competent System of Care” (1989) by Cross, et al. Health/MH disparities linked to race, ethnicity and class Matthew R. Mock, PhD 15 January 24, 2013 DrMMock@comcast.net
Essential History: Definition Cultural Competence Definitions: “A set of congruent behaviors, attitudes, and policies that come together in a system, agency or among professionals that enable them to work effectively in cross-cultural situations” (Cross et al, 1989) Matthew R. Mock, PhD 16 January 24, 2013 DrMMock@comcast.net
Essential History: Five Elements A culturally competent system of care has several core components (Cross, et al): Valuing diversity (infusion & inclusion) 1. Continual cultural self-assessment 2. Attending to dynamics of difference 3. Institutional knowledge of culture 4. System (inc. educational settings) 5. adaptation to diversity and change Matthew R. Mock, PhD 17 January 24, 2013 DrMMock@comcast.net
Specific California History: CMHDA creates Cultural Competence Committee (1990) Mental Health Legislation –AB 1288, Chapter 89 and AB1491, Chapter 611 mandates cultural competence (1991) Cultural Competence Summits begin 1993 Latino Behavioral Health Institute 1996 Eliminating Disparities and Social Justice Matthew R. Mock, PhD 18 January 24, 2013 DrMMock@comcast.net
Specific California History Cultural Competence Requirements for County Managed Care Plans 1997 State DMH establishes Office of Multicultural Services 1998 CIMH establishes the Center for Multicultural Development 2000 CMHDA Framework for E-Disparities 2005 Mental Health Services Act MHSA 2004+ Matthew R. Mock, PhD 19 January 24, 2013 DrMMock@comcast.net
Managed Care Plan Requirements County geographic and socio-economic profile Population by ethnicity, age, gender and primary language spoken Service system demographics, linguistic skills Utilization of MediCal Specialty Mental Health services Analysis of that information—what conclusions i.e. where are disparities and why (root cause)? Matthew R. Mock, PhD 20 January 24, 2013 DrMMock@comcast.net
Plan Requirements (continued) Administrative practices and policies Human Resources Quality of care Includes new “client culture definition” Quality Assurance— culturally specific outcome measures Matthew R. Mock, PhD 21 January 24, 2013 DrMMock@comcast.net
Standards—Quality of Care Consumer and family involvement Competent—evaluation, diagnosis and treatment – for all! Competence in understanding client culture. Also wellness, recovery, resilience, empowerment History of disparities Strategically addressing stigma & shame Matthew R. Mock, PhD 22 January 24, 2013 DrMMock@comcast.net
Standards—Quality Management Penetration rate Retention rate, appropriate engagement Capacity Continuous quality improvement activities Note: Annual Performance Improvement Projects (PIPS) and Eliminating Disparities based in identified system problems (stretch goals and PDSA cycles) Matthew R. Mock, PhD 23 January 24, 2013 DrMMock@comcast.net
Some Practical Guidance Proviso, disclaimer, another view of cultural competence… “Cultural competence is not an end destination…it is the ongoing journey along the way each time.” (Mock, 2002) Matthew R. Mock, PhD 24 January 24, 2013 DrMMock@comcast.net
Conducting Culturally Sensitive Assessments Diagnostic and Statistical Manual IV and IV –TR: Cultural Provisos in categories Outline for Cultural Formulation Culture Bound Syndromes Matthew R. Mock, PhD 25 January 24, 2013 DrMMock@comcast.net
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