Th The R Rol ole of of Citi ities a and nd Stat ates/Territ rritor orie ies in Shaping ping a Robomo mobile Wo World Dr. Katherine Kortum Transportation Research Board 3 rd International Research Seminar on Robomobility 16 September 2020
U.S. Federal Government • Debated but did not enact automated vehicle legislation: the AV START Act (American Vision for Safer Transportation trough Advancement of Revolutionary Technologies Act) – Bill originates in the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation • AV 4.0 is the latest set of “principles” for automated vehicle development • In reality, little federal role
U.S. Federal and state roles • Federal: regulate the vehicle – Vehicle testing and safety standards – Vehicle emissions standards • States: regulate the driver – Driver licensing – Driver insurance requirements • These roles are beginning to blur
States and AVs • 5 states simply authorize a study, define key terms or state contacts, or authorize funding • 12 states authorize testing, while 16 states and the District of Columbia authorize full deployment. Of these, 18 states now allow testing or deployment without a human operator in the vehicle. • 4 states regulate truck platooning. Source: Governors Highway Safety Association
States regulate insurance Some states require liability insurance for testing automated vehicles; some do not For states that do require the insurance, most common amount is $5 million
City and state infrastructure • Nearly all roads in the US are owned and maintained by either a state, a county, or a city • Design and maintenance standards vary • Automated vehicles need infrastructure that is standardized as much as possible
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
A Pennsylvania Specialty
Unique city intersections
Every state road sign is different
Road maintenance varies • Road maintenance varies because of: – Climate – Budget – Traffic volumes – Regional politics – Population trends – Regional industry
Road maintenance varies
Phoenix, Arizona
Los Angeles, California California
Highway interchanges Los Angeles, CA Dallas, TX
Automation in Cities The most common automation issue that cities control is traffic enforcement. – Red light cameras – Speed cameras – Bus lane cameras However, some states do not allow cities to set their own automated camera programs.
City considerations for AVs • Many laws that AVs must follow are set by cities: – Speed limits – Bicycle passing distances – Requirements to yield to pedestrians • Cities need to be involved in the development of AV specifications and policies
Parking in cities • All cities establish parking regulations – Some cities have minimums – Some cities have maximums • Some cities own and operate parking – Philadelphia has parking revenue of $36 million – NYC issues 30,000+ parking tickets each day – Los Angeles earns $250 million from parking violations
COVID-19’s Effects on AVs Technolo ology D y Develop lopment Deplo loym yment • Fundamentals • Rethinking use cases • Component performance • User behavior and and development preferences • System level simulation • Personal use/transit – Riskier driver behavior prior • Physical testing protocols to stay-at-home orders • Investment – Decreased use of transit and ridehailing – Protocols/risk mitigation measures
Katherine Kortum Senior Program Officer Transportation Research Board kkortum@nas.edu
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