Social Pr Social Protection otection: : Concepts and Pr Concepts and Practice actice Moha Mohammad mmad Khaled Khaled Hasa Hasan Social Protection Specialist (Deputy Secretary) SSPS Programme, Cabinet Division
Ear Earliest S liest Social ocial Pr Protection otection Mahasthan Brahmi Inscription (3rd Century BC) Tela (oil), duma (tree), dhanya (paddy) and two varieties of small coins to be deposited in storehouse. As provisions against any emergency caused by flood, fire and devastation of paddy by parrots.
Wha hat is S t is Social ocial Pr Protection otection Policies and programmes designed to reduce poverty and vulnerability by promoting efficient labour markets, diminishing people's exposure to risks, and enhancing their capacity to manage economic and social risks, such as unemployment, exclusion, sickness, disability and old age (UN).
Wha hat is S t is Social ocial Pr Protection otection A specific set of actions to address the vulnerability of people’s life through social insurance…, social assistance… and inclusion efforts…(NSSS)
Types of ypes of Social Pr Social Protection otection Social Assistance • Cash transfer • Social Pensions • In-kind transfers Social Insurance Other types • Medical insurance • Subsidies • Old age Pensions • Price support • Unemployment benefit • Survivors’ assistance Labour Market Informal Social Intervention Protection • Job centres • Community based SP • Training • Charity • Compensation
Social P Social Prote otection ction & & Social S Social Ser ervices vices Social Services Social Education Health protection Social Social Social justice assistance insurance Cash transfers Unemployment Social rights • • • Access to social insurance Non- • • services Social Security discrimination •
Soci Social Insur al Insurance ance Social insurance is a programme where risks are transferred to and pooled mostly by government organizations. Insurance programme has the following characteristics: • The benefits, eligibility requirements, and other aspects of the programme are defined by statute; • Explicit provision is made to account for income and expenses (often through a trust fund); • It is usually contributory. • Many programmes are funded by the government. • Participation is often compulsory for particular groups.
Social Assist Social Assistance ance Social assistance is a type of social protection in which non-contributory, tax-financed, regular and predictable cash or in-kind resources are transferred to poor and vulnerable individuals or households . Cash and in-kind allowances, school feeding and public works programmes are usually included in this type of programmes. Social Assistance is need based, not based on contribution. It is provided to people who may not be covered by social insurance. • Medicare in USA is an example of social insurance • Mediaid in USA is an example of social assistance
Social Pr Social Protection Fu otection Functions nctions • providing relief • averting from deprivation deprivation (e.g. (e.g. income savings clubs, benefits, state social insurance) pensions) Protective Preventive Transformative Promotive • social equity and • enhancing inclusion, incomes and empowerment capabilities (e.g. and rights (e.g. inputs) labour laws)
Impact Impacts of s of Social Pr Social Protec otection tion Pover erty ty reduction eduction Human Human Economic Econo mic ca capital pital ref efor orm Social Social Liv Livelihoo elihoods ds coh cohesion esion Econo Economic mic Risk Ris k resili esilience ence ma mana nagem gement ent
Univ Univer ersal sal Dec Declar laration of tion of Human Human Rights Rights Everyone, as a member of society, … has the right to social security through national effort and international co-operation and in accordance with the organization and resources of each State, of the economic, social and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free development of his personality (Article 22)
Con Constit stitution ution of of Ban Banglades ladesh ….the right to social security, that is to say to public assistance in cases of undeserved want arising from unemployment, illness or disablement, or suffered by widows or orphans or in old age, or in other such cases. Art 15d
The Social Protection Floors Voluntary Insurance Mandatory Social Insurance/Social Security Benefits of Guaranteed Levels for Contributors The FLOOR: Four Essential Guarantees Access to essential Health Care for all Income Security Assistance Income Security Children Unemployed and Poor Elderly and Disabled
Social Pr Social Protection in SDG otection in SDG Implement nationally appropriate social protection systems and measures for all, including floors, and by 2030 achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the vulnerable.
Evolution of Ev olution of Social Pr Social Protection in BD otection in BD Incremental Strategic 2015 • Lifecycle Based 2000 Social • Safety Protectio Ladder n 1998 • Social Safety 1980s Net • Relief + 1970s developme • Poor nt Relief
Vision ision of of NS NSSS SS Economic Growth Build an inclusive Social Security System (SSS) for all deserving Human Development Bangladeshis that effectively tackles and prevents poverty and inequality and contributes to broader human development , employment and Inclusive economic growth . Social Security
Mission Mission Reform the national SSS by ensuring more efficient and effective use of resources, strengthened delivery systems and progress towards a more inclusive form of Social Security that effectively tackles lifecycle risks, prioritising the poorest and most vulnerable members of society
Two Br o Broad A oad Appr pproac oaches hes Lifecycle Approach Poor Relief Approach • Initiated in UK in 1945 Used in 19 th century • • Used across Europe; developed countries; Adopted in some also, in a range of • developing countries; developing countries – Mexico, Colombia; • Long term planning - programs directed at Short term planning- • particular stages of the tries to resolve poverty life cycle; immediately; • Focus resources on particular lifecycle risks No focus – usually fails • because of large targeting errors and small budgets.
Lif Lifec ecycle F le Framew amewor ork • Unsafe birth • Child labour • Less natal care Pregnancy • Violence • Wasting & • Drop out Childhood • Stunting • Abuse School • Less mental • Orphan Age development • Frailty; illness Old • Medical costs Age • No income Covariate • Discrimination; Risks • Neglect • Disasters • Climate change • Food Price Shocks • Unemployment • Illness • No training Youth • Disability • Unemployment Working • Debt • Alienation Age • No insurance • Gender discrimination
Limita Limitation of tion of Pr Present Pr esent Practice actice Inefficient Unspecific Proliferation of delivery Leakage goals programmes system Short-term Coordination Targeting Deprivation planning gap errors Ghost Rent Weak M&E Overlapping beneficiary seeking Double dipping
Social Pr Social Protection C otection Cover erage ge Non poor Near poor 46% Poor 23% Ultra poor 12.9% Social Protection Tk 54,000 Crore 3.5 Crore Peple Food poor 4%
Sing Single R le Registr gistry y MIS MIS 22 Single Registry Result Based Programme M&E MISs Integrated MIS Grievance Redress Fiscal MIS System (GRS) Government to Person (G2P) Cash Transfer
Thema hematic Clust tic Cluster ers 23 Human Development & Social Empowerment Food Security & Disaster Assistance Social Allowance Central Management Committee (CMC) Social Insurance Labour/ and Livelihood Intervention 12/10/2018 23
NSSS Action NSSS Action Plan o Plan of F Food of ood of Ministr Ministry Strengthening Open Market Sales (OMS) and Food Friendly Card (FFC) Programme. Convert food based workfare programmes to cash but continue supply of food as relief to disaster hit areas if necessary. Make food stock policy and fair price policy consistent with food security programmes. Smaller programmes will be consolidated and the delivery of services will be digitized by means of single registry MIS and G2P payment system where relevant.
Food Sec ood Security urity and DR and DR Cluster Cluster Formation Action Plan Ministry of Food - Coordinator Consolidation of food security type programmes Ministry of Disaster Management and Relief Ministry of Health and Family Welfare Vulnerable Women Benefit (VWB) programme Ministry of Agriculture Ministry of Women and Children Affairs Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock Food supply in food shortage area Finance Division Ministry of Social Welfare Food stock policy and fair price policy Ministry of Commerce
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