SMART GRID IDS WHAT IS IS THE BUSINESS CASE? Prince Moyo PrEng - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

SMART GRID IDS WHAT IS IS THE BUSINESS CASE? Prince Moyo PrEng FSAIEE Chairman: CIGRE SA NC General Manager: Power Delivery Engineering, Eskom South Africa

CONTENTS • PART 1 BACKGROUND • PART 2 WHAT IS A SMART GRID? • PART 3 SMART GRID MODELS • PART 4 BUSINESS VALUE PROPOSITIONS • PART 5 SMART GRID ENABLERS • PART 6 SMART GRID ROADMAPS

IE IEEE • Resources: • www.ieee.org • IEEE Xplore Digital Library • IEEE Spectrum magazine • The Institute newsletter • Proceedings of the IEEE • IEEE Access • IEEE Author Centre and IEEE Collabratec • All social platforms

CIG IGRE A1 D1 A2 10000 members NEW A3 D2 MATERIALS EQUIPMENT 96 countries & IT 59 National Committees 16 STUDY C3 B3 COMMITTEES 16 Study Committees 250 Working Groups TECHNO C2 C1 B1 B2 SYSTEMS LOGIES www.cigre.org 3700 WG members C4 C5 C6 B4 B5 Electra Journal www.cigre.org/Electra Science & Engineering Journal Proceedings of conferences GREEN Books Newsletter Cigre Reference Papers

CIG IGRE STUDY COMMITTEES A1 Rotating Electrical Machines C1 System Development & Economics A2 Transformers C2 System Operation & Control A3 High Voltage Equipment C3 System Environmental Performance B1 Insulated Cables C4 System Technical Performance C5 Electricity Markets & Regulation B2 Overhead Lines B3 Substations C6 Distribution Systems & Dispersed Generation B4 HVDC And Power Electronics D1 Materials & Emerging Test Techniques B5 Protection And Automation D2 Information Systems & Telecommunication

IE IEC • IEC role in electro-technical standards • IEC Structure • Standardisation • Conformity Assessments • Systems Committees • Works through NCs … private or standards body • Many Technical Committees

Rwanda Background (s (stats) • Rwanda stats – pop, energy, installed base, electrification rate, etc • Electrification levels • 10.8% access in 2010, 22% in 2014, 34% (750k conn) in 2017 to 70% in 2018 • Customer numbers … 823,862 • Infrastructure plans - 53% is hydro power; 7% is solar program; 45MW in 2006, 97MW in 2010, 218MW in 2017 to 563MW + 450MW imports in 2018; USD3.2BN needed; peat in SW 70MW; Kivu natural gas; Cape Rubona 700MW methane gas

Rwanda Background – Electricity Grid

Rwanda Background (K (Kigali)

Rwanda Background (r (rural electr)

Rwanda Background (c (comparisons, oom oom only) US CHI UK FRA SA ZIM DRC RWA BOTS Population (millions) 320 1,420 64.1 55 13 2.155 62 12 Installed base (GW) 1,275 1,505 77 46 2 0.75 1.2 0,218 Energy Sold (TWh) 4,314 5,649 328 225 8.9 4 6.24 1.13 Area (million km2) 9.83 8.43 0.243 1.22 0.391 0.582 1.5 0.026 Population 33 168 264 43 33 41 456 4 Density/km2 GDP (US$Bn) 18,560 11,391 2,649 280 14.19 10.95 42 8.4 GDP/capita (US$) 58,000 8,022 41,326 5,290 1,092 5,080 677 696 Electricity price 21 9 24 20 9 10 9 22 14 (USc/kWh) Energy sold/capita 13,481 3,978 5,117 4,245 685 101 30 1,856 (kWh/person/year) Gini 0.44 0.47 0.35 0.66 0.43 0.61 0.41 0.50

What Is Is A Smart Grid? Eskom: A smart grid is a more “instrumented” grid that gathers, interprets and acts on information, increasing awareness of the state of the grid, and transforming and improving the way it is operated and utilized by its customers EPRI: A smart grid is one that incorporates information and communications technology into every aspect of electricity generation, delivery and consumption in order to minimize environmental impact, enhance markets, improve reliability and service, and reduce costs and improve efficiency NIST: A smart grid develops and implements measurement science underpinning modernization of the nation's electric grid in order to improve system efficiency, reliability and sustainability, by incorporating distributed intelligence, bi-directional communications and power flows, and additional advancements to create a smart grid

What Is Is A Smart Grid? IEEE: Provides bidirectional communication of power quality, supply and demand across the power grid to utilize power more dynamically resulting in increased energy efficiency and power grid reliability. This change is necessary to manage the increased variability caused by renewable resources, the increased peak demand created by energy intensive consumers such as electric vehicles, and to minimize the environmental impact of ever increasing aggregate demand for electrical power Gartner : IT/OT integration promotes a single view of enterprise information and process management to help ensure that every person, sensor, switch or other device has the right information, in the right format, at the right time IEC: The general understanding is that the Smart Grid is the concept of modernizing the electric grid. The Smart Grid comprises everything related to the electric system in between any point of generation and any point of consumption. Through the addition of Smart Grid technologies the grid becomes more flexible, interactive and is able to provide real time feedback

What Is Is A Smart Grid? Instrumented Distributed intelligence Information-driven Bi-directional communication Sensors Cyber security Distributed resources Renewables integration Environmentally friendly Better operation Increased reliability Better utilisation Awareness of state Enhance markets Bidirectional power flow Reduce costs Improved efficiency

Smart Grid – Models (I (IEEE domains)

Smart Grid – Models (E (EPRI)

Business Cases

Smart Grid (1 (1) – Reliability • Reliability (YELLOW Block) • Uptime • Momentary/nuisance trips

Smart Grid (1 (1) – Reliability • System performance indices for Tx and SAIDI Dx 𝑂 𝑑𝑣𝑡𝑢𝑝𝑛𝑓𝑠 𝑗𝑜𝑢𝑓𝑠𝑠𝑣𝑞𝑢𝑗𝑝𝑜 𝑦 𝑒𝑣𝑠𝑏𝑢𝑗𝑝𝑜 ෍ 𝑂𝑝. 𝑝𝑔 𝑑𝑣𝑡𝑢𝑝𝑛𝑓𝑠𝑡 𝑗𝑜 𝑢ℎ𝑓 𝑡𝑧𝑡𝑢𝑓𝑛 • Operator rounds and use of asset 1 scanning techniques SAIFI • Distribution Automation 𝑂 𝑑𝑣𝑡𝑢𝑝𝑛𝑓𝑠 𝑗𝑜𝑢𝑓𝑠𝑠𝑣𝑞𝑢𝑗𝑝𝑜𝑡 ෍ 𝑂𝑝. 𝑝𝑔 𝑑𝑣𝑡𝑢𝑝𝑛𝑓𝑠𝑡 𝑗𝑜 𝑢ℎ𝑓 𝑡𝑧𝑡𝑢𝑓𝑛 • Condition Monitoring (CM) 1 • AHI … automated computation CAIDI = SAIDI/SAIFI … interruption duration per customer • Physical security SML 𝑂 𝑡𝑧𝑡𝑢𝑓𝑛 𝑗𝑜𝑢𝑓𝑠𝑠𝑣𝑞𝑢𝑗𝑝𝑜 𝑁𝑊𝐵 𝑦 𝑒𝑣𝑠𝑏𝑢𝑗𝑝𝑜 (𝑛𝑗𝑜) • Cyber Security ෍ 𝑡𝑧𝑡𝑢𝑓𝑛 𝑁𝑊𝐵 • Smart Substation 1

Smart Grid (1 (1) – Reliability • SA Dx • WAMS • DLR • SAIDI – 35h urban and rural • SAIFI - 17 • other • Thus CAIDI = 2hr • SA Tx • SML … 3min

Smart Grid (2 (2) – Power Quality BLUE Block Distortion Of Waveform

Smart Grid (2 (2) – Power Quality

Smart Grid (3 (3) – WAMS • For large transmission networks, geographically dispersed • Based on Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) • Distributed C, V, f & df/dt (ROCOF) measurements, | | and φ , line θ via PDCs • Micro/milliseconds, GPS synchronisation to 1 μ s, 0.1deg • Analysis, early warning avoids cascading effects and eventual blackouts • Event-Driven Data Analysis (EDDA) • Monitoring benefits POM (oscillations) PDM (damping) LTM (line thermal) VSM (voltage stability) etc • 1 st level of defence before UFLS, UVLS schemes, etc • Need for RTDS for testing and validation • Examples of operation - CIGRE Thailand paper

Smart Grid (4 (4) – Network Operations • SCADA/ DMS/ ADMS • Level of visibility/ instrumentation/ telemetry • Data Acquisition … I, V, on/off • Remote SS and Feeder Operations • Other functions (e.g. AMI) • GIS

Smart Grid (5 (5) – Operator Dispatch • Fault visibility • Resource visibility • Resource meta data • Productivity management • GIS vs Network Data • Enables Customer Feedback • All requires comms, instrumentation • ADMS

Smart Grid (6 (6) – Energy Efficiency • EE • η appliances • η equipment • Reduces overall energy consumed • Certifications

Smart Grid (7 (7) – Energy Conservation

Smart Grid (8 (8) – Analyt ytics and Asset Utilisation Analytics (detection to prognosis) • Maintenance completeness visibility • End-Of-Life Management Health Indexing Asset Replacement Plans Beyond ‘design life’

Smart Grid (8 (8) – Analyt ytics and Asset Utilisation Utilisation • Overhead lines … DLR • Transformers … Short-Term Over-rating

Smart Grid (9 (9) – FACT CTS • Caps … fixed switchable banks • SVCs … thyristor-controlled • STATCOMs … fast -acting

Smart Grid (1 (10) – Green • GHG emissions leading to … • Global warming … trend of rising surface temperatures • Climate change … change in rain and snow patterns; more extreme weather

Smart Grid (1 (10) – Green

Smart Grid (1 (10) – Green (F (Flexibility)

Smart Grid (1 (10) – Green (F (Flexibility) • Pulse Operation • Two-shifting • Impact on fuel of flexible plant • Impact on plant life Figure 1: CAISO Load Profile Demonstrates Need for Pulsed Loads Image: Combined Cycle Journal