Rice Science to Ensure Agrilinks Title slide Participate during the seminar: Global Nutrition and Food #AgEvents Security Follow us on Twitter Speaker twitter.com/agrilinks Robert Zeigler, Director of the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) Like us on Facebook facebook.com/agrilinks September 24, 2014
Upcoming Events Upcoming Agrilinks Events: Seminar | October 9 th | Emergency Seed Systems • Ag Sector Council | October 22 nd | From Smallholders • to Shareholders: A Guide to Optimizing Private Sector Partnerships for Smallholder Impact
Saharah Moon Chapotin Saharah Moon Chapotin USAID Bureau for Food Security Saharah Moon Chapotin is Division Chief for Agricultural Research at USAID. She joined USAID in 2006 as a Biotechnology Advisor, managing international partnerships to promote the adoption of conservation agriculture practices in South Asia, and develop bioengineered crops for small-holder farmers. Prior to working at USAID, Chapotin worked at the Biosafety Institute for Genetically Modified Agricultural Products at Iowa State University. Chapotin holds a B.S. in Biology from Stanford University, a Ph.D. in Plant Physiology from Harvard University, and has completed the AAAS Science and Technology Policy Fellowship Program.
Bio: Robert Zeigler Robert Zeigler International Rice Research Institute Robert ”Bob” Zeigler is an internationally respected plant pathologist with more than 30 years of experience in agricultural research in the developing world. He became Director General of the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) in 2005. IRRI headquarters, with more than 1,000 scientists and support staff, is in the Philippines, with offices in 15 countries and activities in more than 25 others. IRRI focuses on sustaining, understanding, and using the genetic diversity of rice to improve rice productivity and the livelihood of rice farmers and consumers.
Title slide "Rice Science: A Powerful Weapon in the War Against Hunger and Poverty" R. S. Zeigler Director General International Rice Research Institute
INTERNATIONAL RICE RESEARCH IRRI Overview INSTITUTE Los Baños, Philippines Mission : www.irri.org • Reduce poverty and hunger, • Improve the health of rice farmers and consumers, • Ensure environmental sustainability • Through research, Home of the Green Revolution partnerships Established 1960 A case study in applying research to development
Cooperating organizations map Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR) Global Rice Science Partnership (GRiSP) ICARDA IFPRI Aleppo ICRISAT Wash, DC Syrian Arab Rep. Patancheru USA IRRI India Los Baños Philippines Bioversity International Rome Italy WorldFish Penang Malaysia IITA Ibadan CIMMYT Nigeria Mexico City Mexico IWMI ILRI Colombo Nairobi Sri Lanka CIFOR CIP Kenya Bogor Lima CIAT Indonesia Peru Cali Africa Rice Center-WARDA Colombia World Agroforestry Cotonou Nairobi Benin Kenya
What is rice? What is rice? Perhaps the oldest domesticated crop • Tremendously diverse More than just food • Though it is the primary staple for billions (~ 50% of world & ~ 75% of poor) Flourishes in an exceedingly wet monsoon environment • Impossible for other staples
Rice is typically grown by small family farm enterprises (<2 ha)…saved seed About rice Animal draft power Reliance on human labor… For how long?
The “Rice Theory” The Rice Theory “… proposes that a history of farming rice makes cultures more interdependent, whereas farming wheat makes cultures more independent , and these agricultural legacies continue to affect people in the modern world” Dr. Thomas Talhelm, University of Virginia ”…you do not need to farm rice yourself to inherit the culture.” ”…you do not need to farm rice yourself to inherit the culture.”
The Green Revolution in Asia The Green Revolution in Asia 1960s • yields ~1.5 t per ha • widespread famines predicted Today • yields ~4 t per ha • economic growth IR8 (semi-dwarf) Science doing what people said launched the Green could never be done Revolution and saved millions from starvation Image source: Nature 418, 674-684 (8 August, 2002)
Annual Rate chart 6 .0 D iv e rs ific a tio n A n n u a l ra te o f y ie ld in c re a s e : R e d u c e d tilla g e W a te r-s a v in g irrig a tio n 5 2 .4 k g g ra in /h a M e c h a n iz e d tilla g e S S N M D ire c t s e e d in g 2 = P o s t-h a rv e s t lo s s e s 5 .0 (R 0 .9 8 2 ) H e rb ic id e s C o m m u n ity IP M IP M E c o s y s te m s e rv ic e s M o re N & P fe rtiliz e r C C a d a p ta tio n /m itig a tio n D e c lin e in m a n u re a n d g re e n m a n u re 4 .0 M e c h a n iz e d h a rv e s t Irrig a tio n orld rice yield (t/ha) 2 -3 c ro p s /y e a r H y b rid s N fe rtiliz e r Y ie ld p o te n tia l (? ) P e s tic id e s P re c is io n b re e d in g : 3 .0 - a b io tic s tre s s e s S e m i-d w a rf, - b io tic s tre s s e s A b io tic s tre s s e s s h o rt d u ra tio n M V - a d a p ta tio n to R C T W id e h y b rid iz a tio n - b io fo rtific a tio n N e w P la n t T y p e G ra in q u a lity , - g ra in q u a lity Is o g e n ic lin e s /M A S 2 .0 H y b rid ric e G e n e p y ra m id in g F lo o d p ro n e ric e R e s is ta n c e to R a in fe d ric e Y ie ld p o te n tia l W in s e c ts & d is e a s e s D w a rfis m A d v e rs e s o il to le ra n c e S h o rt d u ra tio n 1 .0 G ra in d o rm a n c y IR 8 IR 2 6 IR 3 6 IR 6 4 IR 7 2 P S B R c 1 8 N S IC R c 1 5 8 0 .0 1 9 6 0 1 9 7 0 1 9 8 0 1 9 9 0 2 0 0 0 2 0 1 0
If we want to do something about poverty, it is clear that we must invest in rice Poverty map Milled rice consumption (FAO, 2011) Poverty headcount (World Bank) Annual consumption per capita (kg) Each dot represents 250,000 people living on $1.25 (PPP) a day or less 1.3 billion people in 2012 <10 10-25 25-50 50-75 >75 Food supply quantity for milled rice from FAOSTAT. Poverty headcount from the most recent survey year in the 2012 World Bank Indicators Database. Poverty distribution based on population density. Boundaries, colours, denominations and other information shown on this map do not imply any judgment on the part of IRRI concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.
The face of poverty The face of poverty The consequences of poverty… Hunger and malnutrition
China photo Yu Shangping with his nephew Li Ande and sister Yu Shangzhen in Chala, Yunnan Prov. China International Herald Tribune, May 6, 2013 , p.1
Global per capita rice consumption Rice consumption chart has remained stable for last ~ 25 yrs 65 60 55 50 45 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 year
Global rice production increases needed to meet demand by 2035 Rice production chart Million tons milled rice 600 Additional rice needed: 550 114 million tons by 2035 500 450 400 2010 global rice production 350 300 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 2019 2021 2023 2025 2027 2029 2031 2033 2035 Asia Africa Americas Rest of world
To Make Matters Worse: Climate Change Effects on Rice Production Hit Asia Hard Climate change
Where will the world’s rice come from? Where Will the World’s Rice Come From? • Ideally from increasing productivity on existing rice lands, mostly in Asia, (in 20+ years increasingly from Africa) • BUT, in Asia: • Land is moving out of rice • Labor is moving out of rice • Water is moving out of rice • Major changes in production practices and increases in efficiency Just to stay where we are • If Asia does not produce sufficient rice, the world will be food insecure
Second Green Revolution To Meet Tomorrow's Food Needs and Address Challenges of Nutrition and Poverty Under a Changing Climate A Second Science – based Green Revolution is Needed
Science-based? Science – based? • Tap the revolutions in genetics, molecular biology and plant physiology • Link soils biology and chemistry to better understand and manipulate sustainable nutrient supply • Exploit the explosion of computation capacity and remote sensing to model systems and link process at scales from the cellular through ecosystems and regions • Proactively link the political and social dimensions of agriculture to technology development
Cannot Overestimate Central Role of Genetic Resources for Coming Generations IRRI holds in trust the world’s largest collection Genetic resources of rice varieties…> 110,000 accessions Less than 5% has been used in breeding programs, but… Completed full DNA sequencing of 3000 lines in 2014
Recommend
More recommend
