Recent Results of GHG Monitoring at the Zotino Tall Tower - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Recent Results of GHG Monitoring at the Zotino Tall Tower Observatory (ZOTTO) - Status Report 7/2009 - Jan Winderlich, Martin Heimann Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany

Temperature Predicted climate change Predicted climate change 2080- -2100 2100 - - 1980 1980- -2000 2000 2080 Scenario SRES A1B Scenario SRES A1B Multimodel Mean Mean Multimodel Precipitation Soil moisture IPCC AR4, 2007

CO 2 - CH CH 4 - CO 2 - 4 - Aerosols- - Air Air Aerosols Chemistry - - Climate Climate Chemistry - Interactions in the - Interactions in the Boreal Zone Boreal Zone • Fundamental Scientific Questions: • What ist the magnitude of the feedback factor? • What is the balance of CO 2 vs CH 4 emissions? • Magnitudes? • Timescales? • Critical Regions? McGuire et al., 2009, Ecological Monographs

Northern Eurasia in the Global Northern Eurasia in the Global Biogeochemical Context: Biogeochemical Context: Overarching Questions Overarching Questions • What is the regional contribution to the global trace gas budgets (primarily CO 2 and CH 4 )? • Can we separate and quantify the direct versus the indirect (feedback) fluxes? • What is the recent history of the regional trace gas budgets? Variability? Drivers? • Are there thresholds in the forcing which will negatively impact vulnerable pools or processes? • How will the regional budgets evolve over the next 100 years?

Carbon cycle - - climate system feedbacks climate system feedbacks Carbon cycle

4 MIP C 4 MIP : C : Coupled Carbon Cycle - - Climate Model Simulations: Climate Model Simulations: Coupled Carbon Cycle Cumulative climate feedback effect Cumulative climate feedback effect on terrestrial carbon stocks on terrestrial carbon stocks ∆ (2100 ∆ (N N coupled - N N uncoupled ) 1900) ( coupled - uncoupled ) (2100 - - 1900) Global 60N-90N Soils Vegetation C 4 MIP Simulations, Friedlingstein et al., 2006

Elementary terrestrial carbon cycle - - climate system climate system Elementary terrestrial carbon cycle feedbacks feedbacks Heimann and Reichstein, 2008

Missing processes: Missing processes: Permafrost soil carbon - - climate feedbacks climate feedbacks Permafrost soil carbon Heimann and Reichstein, 2008

Quantification of regional greenhouse gas balances Quantification of regional greenhouse gas balances

Zotino Tall Tower Observatory Zotino Tall Tower Observatory 60 ° E, 90 ° N 60 ° E, 90 ° N

Longer term climate development in Central Siberia Longer term climate development in Central Siberia

Forest NEE Flux Measurements near Flux Measurements near Zotino, 60.75 ° N, 89.38 ° E Zotino, 60.75 ° N, 89.38 ° E (Eddy Covariance Method) (Eddy Covariance Method) [Shibistova Shibistova et al., 2004] et al., 2004] [ < T > PAR

Zotino 300 m Tall Tower Observatory (ZOTTO) Zotino 300 m Tall Tower Observatory (ZOTTO)

View from 304m Level View from 304m Level Scientists House Laboratory Bunker Generators Pergola

ZOTTO Consortium M. Heimann Max-Planck-Institute for Biogeochemistry, J. Winderlich Jena, Germany E.D. Schulze M. O. Andreae Max-Planck-Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, N. J ü rgens Germany W. Birmili Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research, J. Heintzenberg Leipzig, Germany M. Gloor University of Leeds, Leeds, UK A. Manning University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK E. Kozlova A. M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric A. Skorochod Physics, RAS, Moscow, Russia E. Vaganov V. I. Sukachev Institute of Forest, RAS, S. Verkovhets Krasnojarsk, Russia International Science and Technology Center V. Rudneva (ISTC)

Footprint Analysis Why 300m Tall Tower? Why 300m Tall Tower? Typical aircraft CO 2 concentration profiles over Zotino Styles et al., 2002

concentration Daytime atmospheric CO 2 Daytime atmospheric CO 2 concentration measurements in PBL at Zotino Tall Tower measurements in PBL at Zotino Tall Tower Observatory Observatory (ZOTTO, 60 ° N, 90 ° E) (ZOTTO, 60 ° N, 90 ° E) Kozlova et al., 2008

Current Setup at ZOTTO Current Setup at ZOTTO since April 2009 since April 2009 301 m • Measure CO 2 / CH 4 / H 2 O at 6 height levels • New system: Picarro , Inc.: 227 m EnviroSense 3000i, ESP-1000 platform • Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy (CRDS) 158 m 92 m 52 m 4 m

CO 2 /CH 4 /H 2 O Measurement with Picarro CO 2 /CH 4 /H 2 O Measurement with Picarro • Cavity Ring-Down Spectroscopy: • light absorption � decay of light • time measurement � concentration calculation � • low maintenance Airflow Stabilization: p = 140 torr f ~ 230 sccm T = 40 ° C [Crosson, 2007]

Implementation: Plumbing Diagram Implementation: Plumbing Diagram • Aim: Air from 6 tower levels to 1 instrument (at ZOTTO) inlet flush f air 15 slpm filter 8 ℓ p buffer tubing ≤ 300 m p to purge tower 240 selection purge f f sccm 6x valve 300 sccm … pressure gauge p cal gas 4x pR … flow meter f Picarro analyzer

Implementation in the Laboratory Container Implementation in the Laboratory Container

Current data from 2009 Current data from 2009 ZOTTO CO 2 time series 390 ppm • Like an early summer day may look like • But no data out of Russia, yet. 12:00 noon (local time) artificial data: � 18:00 evening 0:00 midnight 6:00 morning 378 ppm

Peat land ecosystems in the ZOTTO area Peat land ecosystems in the ZOTTO area 1 Oligotrophic pools and sphagnum lawns mire complexes 2 Oligotrophic ridge- hollow complexes 3 Oligotrophic dwarf shrubs-sphagnum bogs 4 Ombrotrophic pine dwarf shrubs sphagnum bogs 5 Minerotrophic sedge- moss lawns and through flow fens 6 Wooded swamps (sogras) D. Mollicone, E.-D. Schulze (pers. comm)

Back trajectories 30.4.09 – 5 dys 28.5.09 – 5 dys

Inversions CH 4 flux in July 2004 CO 2 flux in July 2004 ZOTTO ZOTTO × × [http://inversions.lsce.ipsl.fr/]

CO 2 Inversions: CO 2 Inversions: No evidence of positive trend in northern latitudes No evidence of positive trend in northern latitudes Northern Hemisphere Boreal Eurasia ICOS CarboScope (www.carboscope.eu), CARBONTRACKER-EU, LSCE-Inversion, MPI-BGC Jena Inversion

Observing strategy - - Top Top- -down method: down method: Observing strategy Possible surface source uncertainty reduction from Possible surface source uncertainty reduction from atmospheric concentration measurement network atmospheric concentration measurement network

Instrumentation list Instrumentation list • Meteo-data at tower and on ground - Jena • CO 2 , CH 4 , H 2 O - Jena • Aerosols - Leipzig • Reactive gases (O3, NOx) - Moscow • CO - Mainz • Flasks - Jena

Particle Size Distribution - - Comparison with Comparison with Particle Size Distribution Europe Europe Europe: Schauinsland 2005-2007 Zugspitze 2004-2007 ZOTTO 2006-2007 IfT, Leipzig Heintzenberg et al., Tellus, 2008

Conclusions Conclusions • BGC processes play important role in climate system • New Picarro system promises low maintenance measurements • Thus ZOTTO • closes large gap in knowledge about carbon cycle monitoring • reduces uncertainties of inverse models

Effect of growing season length Effect of growing season length Response in ORCHIDEE model Response in ORCHIDEE model Piao et al., 2007