GHG Emissions in Renewable Feedstock Production Accounting and Mitigation Calculation of GHG emissions and GHG mitigation related to biomethane production 23 May 2017, Brussels Fachagentur Nachwachsende Rohstoffe e. V. European Biogas Association This project has received funding from the Slide 1 of 22 www.biosurf.eu European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.
BIOSURF (BIOmethane as SUstainable and Renewable Fuel) aims to increase the production and use of biomethane (from animal waste, other waste materials and sustainable biomass) , for grid injection and as transport fuel by removing non-technical barriers and by paving the way towards a European biomethane market. The project BIOUSRF (within WP5) aims to reduce the uncertainties related to the calculation of GHG emissions for biomethane value chains in order to provide assistance to economic operators in their day-to-day work. This project has received funding from the Slide 2 of 22 www.biosurf.eu European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.
• Deliverable 5.1: Discussion of main Issues, specialities and challenges for GHG- accounting of Biomethane Methodological recommendations source: BIOSURF D5.1 • Deliverable 5.2: comprehensive database on emission savings in relation to nutrient recycling, use of agricultural by products and waste streams • Deliverable 5.3: Calculation of GHG-emissions for various biomethane pathways This project has received funding from the Slide 3 of 22 www.biosurf.eu European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.
Motivation • In the recent years, the demonstration of GHG mitigation effects from the production and use of biofuels has gained significant importance: • RED (Renewable Energy Directive 2009/28/EC): 10% target for energy from renewable sources in the transport sector by 2020 Sustainability requirements for biofuels • FQD (Fuel Quality Directive 2009/30/EC): Definition of a GHG reduction target in the national “mixture” of transportation fuels This project has received funding from the Slide 4 of 22 www.biosurf.eu European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.
Basic calculation methodology GHG-mitigation potential According to Annex V of the EU RED, three possibilities exist for biofuel producers to prove that the GHG-mitigation potential of their biofuel meets the defined requirements and thresholds 1. The use of the default values for the biofuels included in Annex V of the EU RED 2. An individual calculation based on actual values 3. A combination of actual values and disaggregated default values from EU RED Annex V. This project has received funding from the Slide 5 of 22 www.biosurf.eu European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.
GHG calculations according to RED cultivation processing transport use CO 2 -capture surplus electricity GHG-Emissions from: GHG-Emission savings from: e ec = the extraction or cultivation of raw materials e sca = soil carbon accumulation via improved agricultural management e l = the carbon stock changes caused by land-use change e ccs = carbon capture and geological storage e p = processing e ccr = carbon capture and replacement e td = transport and distribution e ee = excess electricity from cogeneration e u = the fuel in use According to EU RED Annex V 6 This project has received funding from the Slide 6 of 22 www.biosurf.eu European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.
Effects of Manure Treatments untreated separation drying digestion Avoiding uncontrolled No If immediately treated GHG emissions m Destroying weed seeds No a Destroying Plant Offshoot n No (invasive species) u Destroying Plant No r Pathogens e Carbon Recovery to Soil Energy Recovery This project has received funding from the Slide 7 of 22 www.biosurf.eu European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.
Biomethane from slurry/manure Source: BIOSURF D5.2 This project has received funding from the Slide 8 of 22 www.biosurf.eu European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.
Biomethane from slurry/manure • Significant emission savings from avoided slurry/manure storage • Impact of process energy supply Source: DBFZ; BIOSURF D5.3 This project has received funding from the Slide 9 of 22 www.biosurf.eu European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.
Biomethane from slurry/manure Source: Solid and gaseous bioenergy pathways: input values and GHG emissions calculated according to the methodology set in COM(2010) 11 and SWD(2014) (.JRC 2015) This project has received funding from the Slide 10 of 22 www.biosurf.eu European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.
Sensitivity analysis Most sensitive parameter: - (gastight) storage of the digestate, - Energy supply, - Plant operation/management methane emissions Source: DBFZ; BIOSURF D5.3 This project has received funding from the Slide 11 of 22 www.biosurf.eu European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.
Expected emissions from untreated storage of manure in the EU 12.000.000 [t CO2 equi ] 10.000.000 8.000.000 6.000.000 4.000.000 2.000.000 0 AT BE BG CY CZ DK DE EE ES FI FR GR HR HU IE IT LV LT LU MT NL PL PT RO SE SI SK UK This project has received funding from the Slide 12 of 22 www.biosurf.eu European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.
Expected GHG Emission Mitigation • If 33% of European manure was treated via AD Total Amount of Manure Anaerobic Digestion Emissions from GHG Emission GHG emission Total GHG Amount of manure untreated total mitigation via AD compared to oil emission amount manure of 33% of manure combustion mitigation [t VS a -1 ] [t CO 2-equ ] [t CO 2-equ ] [t CO 2-equ ] [t CO 2-equ ] 230 000 000 47 000 000 16 000 000 40 000 000 56 000 000 Total EU emissions in 2014: 4.4 bio t CO 2eq This project has received funding from the Slide 13 of 22 www.biosurf.eu European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.
The variety of technological pathways This project has received funding from the Slide 14 of 22 www.biosurf.eu European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.
Effects of Treatment of Catch Crops Rotting on Harvesting and Bare fallow Field Digesting Avoiding uncontrolled GHG no no Emissions Avoiding Nutrient and Carbon no no C c Degassing a r Safe Nutrient Storage no partly t o c p Avoiding Soil Erosion no h s Carbon Recovery to Soil no Energy Recovery no no This project has received funding from the Slide 15 of 22 www.biosurf.eu European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.
Carbon Cycling: Catch Crops Digesting: brings nearly the same amount of Carbon back to soil (10 – 15 % difference This project has received funding from the Slide 16 of 22 www.biosurf.eu European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.
Nutrient Cycling: Catch Crops 120% measurement serie 1 measurement serie 2 measurement serie 3 100% Degassing and N Digestions: 80% leakage into Save ground water nutrient 60% storage 40% 20% 0% Growth yield of Nitrogen Remained Nitrogen after Nitrogen in biogas Nitrogen in digestate rotting process Carbon path if digested Nutrient Path if digested This project has received funding from the Slide 17 of 22 www.biosurf.eu European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.
Open topics on European Policy • If application of digestate to soil • Allocation of nutrients within digestate • Fertilisers Regulation 2003/2003 • Nitrates Directive 91/676/EEC) • Allocation of carbon within digestate • Allocation of added value of digestate • Destroying of pathogens, weed seeds • GHG savings from source-separated biodegradable fraction in municipal waste (biowaste) • Account GHG savings from nutrient recycling (NPK) and organic carbon recycling which would be lost otherwise (e.g. incineration, landfilling) • Cross reference RED objectives with Landfill Directive and Waste Framework Directive objectives This project has received funding from the Slide 18 of 22 www.biosurf.eu European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.
Summary of Benefits Many Advantages of Treatment of Manure and Agricultural Residues via Anaerobic Digestion: • Mitigation of uncontrolled GHG emissions • Destroying Plant Pathogens and Seed Weeds • Carbon Recovery to Soil • Nutrient Recovery to Soil • Energy recovery • Protection of soil erosion This project has received funding from the Slide 19 of 22 www.biosurf.eu European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.
European Biogas Association Bruno Deremince, EBA deremince@european-biogas.eu Renewable Energy House Stefanie Scheidl, EBA +32 24.00.10 – 89 scheidl@european-biogas.eu Rue d'Arlon 63-65 info@european-biogas.eu Stefan Majer, DBFZ www.european-biogas.eu B - 1040 Brussels Stefan.majer@dbfz.de This project has received funding from the Slide 20 of 22 www.biosurf.eu European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.
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