Power, frequency and harmonic issues Ravi Vasudevan PVMD Delft University of Technology
Learning objectives 1. Voltage issues 2. Power, frequency and harmonics issues Power output fluctuation • Power factor correction • Frequency issues • Harmonics • 3. Levelized cost of electricity and cost of PV 4. Grid vs Socket parity 5. Financing PV systems 6. Financial incentives for PV
Power output fluctuations P t
Power output fluctuations • Geographical dispersal
Power output fluctuations • Forecasting Forecast Measured Measured P (higher) (lower) t
Power output fluctuations • Storage
Power factor corrections Power factor Ratio between real power and apparent power
Power factor corrections VAR VA W
Frequency issues Frequency must be uniform • throughout the grid Demand > supply f Demand < supply f
Harmonics V t
Harmonics Grid Active Filter
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