From Cell to Array Olindo Isabella PVMD Delft University of Technology
Learning objectives 1. PV module design 1. Introduction to module design 2. From cell to array • Taxonomy • Technologies 3. Structure and materials of c-Si PV modules 4. Interconnection techniques 2. Electrical properties
Taxonomy Panel Module On the same Solar cell frame Array
From solar cell to array Electrically connected panels = STRING Electrically connected panels = STRING Array
PV Technologies c-Si wafer-based rigid/bendable Thin-film Si rigid/flexible CIGS/ CdTe rigid/flexible III-V rigid/flexible Organic PV rigid/flexible
Flexible thin film advantages Lightweight No mounting structure Integrated components Provided by
PV Technologies c-Si wafer-based rigid Thin-film Si rigid/flexible CIGS/ CdTe rigid/flexible III-V rigid/flexible Organic PV rigid/flexible Price Efficiency Aesthetics +8% +20% € Yield
Power output warranty & lifetime c-Si modules 90% and 80% of P MPP • 20 to 30 years • 100% 95% Performance 90% Linear 85% 80% Step 75% 20 25 30 5 10 15 Year
Power output warranty & lifetime c-Si modules 90% and 80% of P MPP • 20 to 30 years • CdTe modules 10 years 90% P MPP • • 25 years 80% P MPP By NREL (http://www.nrel.gov/data/pix/Jpegs/14726.jpg) [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
Power output warranty & lifetime c-Si modules 90% and 80% of P MPP • 20 to 30 years • CdTe modules 10 years 90% P MPP • • 25 years 80% P MPP Thin-film Si modules on glass • 10 years 90% P Min 25 years 80% P Min • Walmart. “Thin Film Solar“. 2010. Online image. flickr. 24 May 2017. <https://www.flickr.com/photos/walmartcorporate/5250473518>
Power output warranty & lifetime c-Si modules 90% and 80% of P MPP • 20 to 30 years • CdTe modules 10 years 90% P MPP • • 25 years 80% P MPP Thin-film Si modules on glass • 10 years 90% P Min 25 years 80% P Min • Thin-film Si modules on flexible substrate 10 years 92% P Min • 20 years 84% P Min • • 25 years 80% P Min By Fieldsken Ken Fields
Recap Panel Module Solar cell 100% 95% Performance 90% 85% 80% 75% 10 20 25 30 5 15 Year
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