“Next-Generation Refrigerants for Energy Efficiency and Climate Protection” 5 th March’2014 Daikin Air-conditioning India Pvt. Ltd.
Daikin Worldw ide Daikin I ndustries, Ltd is one of leading air conditioner Daikin Industries Ltd . m anufactures. Our product range is from residential to • Turnover: 1.3 Trillion Yen com m ercial air conditioners. • No. of employees: 51,398 Daikin has over 5 1 ,0 0 0 em ployees at 2 0 7 group • Start of business: 1924 com panies around the w orld. ( FY2012 Consolidated) Daikin Air-Conditioning I ndia w as established in 2 0 0 0 . Air conditioners, heat pumps, refrigeration 86.8% Daikin Group Worldwide Sales per Chemicals business unit FY12 9.6% Other 3.6% China:18.2% Asia &Oceania EMEA 14.4% 18.4% AC Sales Result per Region FY11 Japan America 38.3% 10.7%
Urgent Environment Issues Global Warming Ozone depletion Ozone hole Ozone hole
HCFC Phase out and change of Refrigerant In developing countries, HCFC22, or R22, is one of main stream refrigerants for air conditioners. R22 must be phased out due to its ODP and converted to substances with zero ODP. When making choice for alternative to R22, various aspects must be taken into account. Screening Factors for the Alternative Refrigerant Energy Energy Peak Load Peak Load Affordability Affordability Resources Resources Ozone Ozone Climate Climate Natural Natural Safety Safety Protection Protection Change Change Resources Resources High COP High COP Compact/Light Compact/Light High Efficiency High Efficiency No/Low Flammable No/Low Flammable Efficient Use Efficient Use Lower GWP Lower GWP Regulation Regulation CFC Phase CFC Phase-out out Low Toxic Low Toxic Patent Patent Downsizing Downsizing Reduced Charge Reduced Charge Market Penetration Market Penetration HCFC Phase-out HCFC Phase out Recycle Recycle Low Emissions Low Emissions Easy Installation Easy Installation & Maintenance & Maintenance Next Generation Next Generation refrigerants refrigerants
Refrigerant Candidates for Stationary ACs Properties Refrigerants Vol. Cool. Theoretical GWP P cond Capacity COP ODP (IPCC4th ） (MPa) (vs R22) (vs R22) Single 1.73 100 100 1810 0.05 R22 Zeotrope 1.86 102 99 0 1770 R407C Azeotrope 2.72 141 92 0 2090 R410A HFC R32 Single 2.80 160 97 0 675 57 90 0 4 R1234yf Single 1.16 ？ ？ ？ ？ HFO-Mix Zeotrope 0 Non-HFC R717(NH 3 ) Single 1.78 116 106 0 0 R290 （ Propane ） Single 1.53 83 98 0 <3 R744 （ CO 2 ） 10 41 Single 243 0 1 Candidates for the next generation working fluids
Diversity of Refrigerant Choice • There is no one-size-fits-all solution • All refrigerant are included on the table of refrigerant choice Choose whatever refrigerant is best suited for each application. • Daikin is developing R32 split Air-conditioners from residential to light commercial range because R32 is better suited to these applications R32 6
Superior Performance of R32
Total Assessment of Refrigerant R32 is the most balanced Refrigerant and can reduce GWP by 75% Ozone Ozone Ozone 5 5 5 4 4 4 3 3 3 Economy LCCP Economy LCCP Economy LCCP 2 2 2 1 1 1 （※1） Energy efficiency Energy efficiency Energy efficiency Safety Safety Safety R22 R410A R32 （※1） LCCP ：（ Life Cycle Climate Performance ） Charge ratio ％ （※3） GWP （※2） Modified GWP 2500 120 2500 100 2090 2027 97 HFC32 can reduce 100 2000 2000 1810 1810 CO2 eq. emissions 80 70 1500 1500 by 75% 60 1000 1000 40 675 472 500 500 20 0 0 0 R22 R410A R32 R22 R410A R32 R22 R410A R32 （※2） Based on IPCC 4 th report （※3） In case that all refrigerant have the performance equivalent to R22
Energy efficiency and Total Emissions 1.SEER Comparison (cooling mode) 3.Total Emissions (LCCP comparison) 3.Total Emissions (LCCP comparison) HPs （ Reversible ） - 3.5kW-Room AC LCCP:Life Cycle Climate Potential Total Emissions = (1) Indirect Emissions + (2) Direct Emissions R22 + (3) Emissions During Refrigerant Production R410A R22 High SEER R32 R410A 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 Efficiency ratio 2.Peak power comparison Low under cooling condition Outside 35 ℃ , room 27 ℃ Impact R32 R22 (Kg-CO2) 7000 9000 11000 13000 15000 0 R32 is the best solution for global R410A environment. Low Peak Power (Precondition for Calculation) *1 Taking low pressure loss into consideration, narrower HEX was used to reduce charge volume. *2 To improve efficiency, HEX size was increased : Indoor HEX x 1,1 + Path x 2, Outdoor HEX x 1.2, and connecting pipe increased from 3/8=> 5/8 *3 To R32 meet IEC requirements, charge volume was reduced: Indoor HEX x 0.8, Outdoor HEX x 0.5, narrower piping was used. *4 To Improve efficiency: Outdoor unit HEX was increased x 1.1 Power ratio 0.4 0.8 1.2 （ HEX= Heat Exchanger ）
High Ambient Temperature Performance +5% Resul t f or Hi gh Ambi ent Condi t i ons – COP Compar i son @R410A 105% R22 100% Relative COP (vs R22, %) R32 95% R410A 90% 85% 80% 75% 70% 65% 60% +8% @R410A 55% 50% 45% 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 O utdoor tem p. ( ℃)
Refrigerant and Flammability
Global w arming and Flammability of Refrigerant Tradeoff relation between Global warming and Flammability Tradeoff relation between Global warming and Flammability GWP GWP Flammability Flammability
Safety Comparison Consideration of 2L classification by ASHRAE and ISO. Class 2L Class 2L Class 1 Slightly flammable Class2 Class3 Class No Burning Velocity Low flammable Higher flammable Flammable ( ≤ 10 cm/ s) CO2 R32 Example R410A R1234yf R152a Propane R22 Ammonia (higher chronic toxic) The burning velocity (<10cm/s) is too slow to cause horizontal flame propagation nor explosion. Evaluated after long discussion in ASHRAE Flammability of 2L refrigerants is very low. 13
What is R32 ? GWP Flammability Refrigerants ODP Atoms Advantage Disadvantage (ASHRAE34) (IPCC4) F R22 Cl Good Solubility Ozone 0.055 1810 1 with Mineral Oil Depletion C F H Cl R32 F F Anti-Combustible Higher GWP 0 675 2L C F H H Lower GWP Combustible H High Performance R410A F R32 C F H H 0 2090 1 F F R125 F C C H F F
When does Fire Accident Occurs ? A fire accident triggered by flammable refrigerant can only occur when all 3 conditions are met. 1. 1. Occurrence of Rapid Occurrence of Rapid Refrigerant Leakage Refrigerant Leakage Rapid leakage is rare 2. Mixture w ith Oxygen 2. Mixture w ith Oxygen 3. Contact w ith 3. Contact w ith Ignition Source Ignition Source Flammable cloud is small Cannot be ignited from Indoor Unit Switch or Cigarette lighter Flammable Cloud This report is available on the website of JSRAE （ http://www.jsrae.or.jp/info/2012progress_report_j.pdf ）
Main Standards related Refrigerant ISO5149 was re-voted （ Nov.11, 2013 ） ⇒ Received the information from the ISO central office (Jan 13,2014) that ISO5149-1, 2, 3 are all approved. International Europe US (affects ME&A) Field 分野 国際規格 欧州規格 米国及び中東 Refrigerant Classification -NA- ASHRAE 34 ISO817FDIS 冷媒分類 (based on ISO) UL 2182 approved(2014) EN378 ASHRAE 15 ISO5149FDIS Usage Restriction for UL 207 、 UL 250 Safety UL 471 、 UL 474 冷媒の安全使用 IEC60335-2-40 UL 484 、 UL 984 EN60335-2-40 Under revision UL 1995 UL 60335-2-40 The standard of many countries is referring to ISO or has quoted ISO. ex. Japan （ KHK ） , China （ GB standard ） , Australia Asian countries are also gazing at the trend of Japan, China, etc. Voting by the Participate and Observed members Voting by the Participate members (Only dissenting votes counted) Part Content Judgment Affirmative Valid % Dissenting Valid % Result Result votes votes affirmative votes votes dissenting Definitions, Majority Minority 1 15 19 79%<66% 5 32 16%<25% Approved classification, etc. affirmative dissenting Design, Majority Minority 2 15 18 83%>66% 4 31 13%<25% Approved construction, etc. affirmative dissenting Majority Minority 3 Installation, etc. 16 19 84%>66% 4 31 13%<25% Approved affirmative dissenting ※ Approved with affirmative votes of two thirds (66%) or more of Participate members and dissenting votes of one fourth (25%) or less of the total of
Modification in Manufacturing & Service Process
Design Changes for R32 from R22 Operating Discharge Refrigeration Flammability Pressure Temp. Oil Contaminants Safety Standard Pressure Design Control R32 Control Refrigerant Charge Design Pressure Control of Residential Service manual Synthetic Oil R32: 4.29MPa Suction States Air-conditioner R410A :4.15MPa Mildly Flammable +10 to +20 degC Class 2L R410A Residential Air-conditioner Non Non- Medium Medium Solubility Flammable Flammable 1.6 times Temp. Temp. Class 1 Class 1 R22 Medium Medium Mineral Oil Mineral Oil Pressure Pressure Suniso Suniso Residential 2.9MPa 2.9MPa Air-conditioner
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