Mobile WiMax: Description and Deployment Dr. Zulfiquar Sayeed Alcatel Lucent Bell Labs zsayeed@alcatel-lucent.com 732-949-3055
Outline � The big picture � 802.16 Specifications family � OFDM and OFDMA fundamentals � Profiles � System architecture, handoff, QoS � Summary 2 Wireless and Optical Communications Conference, NJIT, April 27th 2007
The Big Picture Fixed Portable Mobile Personal Fixed Portable Mobile Personal Licensed and Unlicensed Licensed and Unlicensed Licensed and Unlicensed Licensed Broadband Licensed Broadband Unlicensed Unlicensed Licensed and Unlicensed Networking Wireless Services and Wideband Device Connectivity Networking Wireless Services and Wideband Device Connectivity Services Services Cellular Access & Device to Campus Device to Low Mobility Nomadic Zonal Peripherals Backhaul WAN Networking Device 2.5G, 3G � � 2.5G, 3G WiMAX WiMAX WPAN WiMAX WiFi WiMAX WPAN WiFi WiMAX WiMAX WPAN WiFi WiFi WPAN 802.20 802.20 802.15.x 802.16d 802.16d 802.16e 802.16e 802.15.x 802.11 802.11 802.16e 802.11 802.11 802.16e 802.15 802.15 Coverage WPAN < Coverage WLAN < Coverage WMAN < Coverage WWAN 3 Wireless and Optical Communications Conference, NJIT, April 27th 2007 Source: Intel Corp/ Modified
Zones of Interest of the IEEE Internet Protocols 802.1 Bridging and Network Management 802.21 Handoff 802.2 Logical Link Control 802.15 802.11 802.16 MAC Wireless Wireless Wireless 802.3 802.20 + PAN LAN MAN Ethernet MBWA 802.16E PHY New TGs New TGs Mobility Mobility 802.20 3G 2.5G 802.16e Oval heights signify coverage 802.11b 802.11a/g 802.16d 802.15.3 802.15.1 802.15.4 Throughput 10M to 70M 10 to 200 kbps 200k to 1Mbps 1M to 10M 4 Wireless and Optical Communications Conference, NJIT, April 27th 2007
WiMAX Applications 1 3 2 RESIDENTIAL & SoHo DSL 4 FRACTIONAL T1 for LEVEL SERVICE BACKHAUL for SMALL BUSINESS Mobile WMAN Nomadic Coverage --> HOTSPOTS Backhaul handoff from HOT SPOTS H H H 802.16d 802.16d T1+ LEVEL SERVICE H ENTERPRISE H H H H H = wide area coverage 802.16e outside of Hot Spots 5 INTERNET Wireless Local BACKBONE Loop in 6 BWA Operator Network Developing Mobility Backbone Nations 5 Source: Alvarion Wireless and Optical Communications Conference, NJIT, April 27th 2007
Comparing 802.16d/e with Others C hannel Standard bits/sec/ FD D /TD D D L Peak U L Peak B andw idth B ody hz G PR S 160 kbps 160 kbps 0.80 200 KH z FD D 2.40 Edge 480 kbps 480 kbps FD D /TD D 2 M bps 2 M bps 3G PP2 0.40 W C D M A 5 M H z H SD PA FD D 14.4 M bps 7 M bps 2.88 3G 1X 640 kbps 450 kbps 0.51 1.25 M H z FD D 3G PP 2.48 EvD O 3.1 M bps 1.8 M bps 2.56 EvD v 3.1 M bps 1.8 M bps Normalized upto 75 802.16d/e upto 20 M H z FD D /TD D upto 75 M bps IEEE 3.75 Throughput M bps 2.56 Comparison Flarion 1.25 M H z FD D 3.2 M bps 900 kbps - (Peak Bursts) 4.00 3.50 3.00 DL bits/sec/Hz 2.50 2.00 1.50 1.00 0.50 0.00 802.16d/e 3G1X EvDO EvDv GPRS Edge WCDMA HSDPA Flarion 6 Wireless and Optical Communications Conference, NJIT, April 27th 2007
802.16 Specifications Network Mngmnt 802.16f: Management Information Blocks 802.16g: Mob. Mgmt. Plane Procedures and Services 802.16m 802.16e Enhanced QoS/ 802.16-2001 Mobility MAC Security/ 802.16-2004 Enhancements: TDM Interworking with (802.16d) Handoff/ FDD/TDD IMT2K/ Mobility/ 802.16c ActiveSet/ ATM +Packet CS BCast H/O/ System Anchor-Target Legacy Support Profiles for 802.16b AAS. MiMo, STC cross- Larger Cells (30 km) manufacturer 802.16a Wireless- Conformance PHY Peak rate 100 MBPS SCa HUMAN (M)/1GBPS (F), S-OFDMA: OFDM 256 OFDM256 Interference Avoidance 2048 / 1024 / 512 OFDMA 2048 Reduced Latency, RRM, / 128 Coverage, eBCMC 10-66 GHz 2 to 6 GHz <11 GHz 2 to 6 GHz NLOS NLOS LOS NLOS 15 MBPS <75MBPS <134 MBPS 100 MBPS Mobile Fixed Fixed Mobile 1.75 to 20 MHz 1.75 to 20 MHz 20/25/28 MHz 1.75 to 20 MHz 7 Wireless and Optical Communications Conference, NJIT, April 27th 2007
Why OFDM � NLOS signal envelopes are Rayleigh distributed � The signal fades both with time and frequency separation � Time correlation decreases with increasing velocity (Doppler) � Frequency correlation decreases with increased multipath delay spread � Diversity is the key to enhance performance in fading environments � CDMA uses multiple rake fingers to capture frequency diversity � OFDM uses parallel long duration pulses to capture time diversity � Frequency diversity is captured by Rayleigh Envelope Variation is time and frequency coding across time and frequency 8 Wireless and Optical Communications Conference, NJIT, April 27th 2007
OFDM Basics T G T Useful 1/T Useful Frequency f 4 f 3 f 2 f 1 f 0 DC Time Freq � Signal is accessible in time and frequency � Time variations and frequency variations can be coded/interleaved across � Advanced Space-Time-Frequency Coding � Guard Interval absorbs the designed multipath effects � Single tap multiplicative equalizer � NLOS operation � OFDMA : Single Frequency Network operation with reuse factor of 1 � Planning benefit + Spectrum Utilization � Invented at Bell Labs : Chang and Gibby, 1960s � DVB-T, SDARs, WiFi, WiMax, HiperLAN/MAN, DAB, DSL and coming in EvDO, UMTS! � R.W. Chang [1966], “Synthesis of Band-Limited Orthogonal Signals for Multichannel Data Transmission,” Bell System Technical Journal, 45, pp. 1775-1796. � B. R. Salzberg [1967], “Performance of an Efficient Parallel Data Transmission System,” IEEE Transactions on Communication Technology, 15, 6, pp 805-811 � R.W. Chang, and R.A. Gibby [1968], “Theoretical Study of Performance of an Orthogonal Multiplexing Data Transmission Scheme,” IEEE Transactions on Communication Technology, 16, 4, pp. 529-540. � S.B. Weinstein, and P.M. Ebert [1971], “Data Transmission by Frequency-Division Multiplexing Using the Discrete Fourier Transform,” IEEE Transactions on Communication Technology, 19, 5, pp. 628-634 9 Wireless and Optical Communications Conference, NJIT, April 27th 2007
OFDMA Operations N E Subcarriers Pilot Subchannel A Subchannel B Group 1 Group 2 Group N G 1 FFT Sub Channels Preamble R a n g in g S u b C h a n n e ls S S A S S B S S C S S D S S E Time � Different modulation/coding in each sub channel � Media Access Protocol (MAP) messages are used to assign SSs to Sub channels � FFT Size = 2048; DL: N G = 48 / N E = 32; UL: N G = 53 / N E = 32; 1 Schannel ≈ 1/32 nd of total BW � Sub-carriers are assigned in a pseudorandom fashion to the SSs � High throughput SSs are assigned more that one SC � SSs need only modulate a few of the 2048 SCs/ BS modulates all � Commensurate with low power CPEs and building penetration loss � Throughput per Sub channel (6 MHz) = 178.1 (QPSK) / 428.1 (16 QAM) / 668.7 (64 QAM) (kbps) � Total Throughput (6 MHz) = 4.8 / 11.6 / 18.2 MBPS 10 Reference: Koffman, Roman, “Broadband Wireless Access Solutions Based on OFDM Access in IEEE 802.16”, IEEE Comm. Wireless and Optical Communications Conference, NJIT, April 27th 2007 Magazine,April 2002, pp 94-103
802.16e and WiMax Profiles Duplexing (OFDMA_R1 to PhyProfiles Bandwidth OFDMA_R30 RF profiles) ofdma_profP1 1.25 MHz TDD ofdma_profP2 3.5 MHz TDD/FDD ofdma_profP3 7.0 MHz TDD/FDD ofdma_profP4 8.75 MHz TDD ofdma_profP5 14 MHz TDD/FDD ofdma_profP6 17.5 MHz TDD ofdma_profP7 28 MHz TDD/FDD ofdma_profP8 10 MHz TDD ofdma_profP9 20 Mhz TDD Modulation 4/16/64. Symbol Rate (BWMHz-0.88)/1.25 FFTSize: D: 2048 / E: 2048/1024/512/128 (SOFDMA) Frequency band ( GHz) Channelization 2 .3 - 2 .3 0 5 - 2 .3 4 5 - 2 .4 9 6 - 3 .3 - FFT Size 3 .4 - 3 .8 ( MHz) 2 .4 2 .3 2 2 .3 6 2 .6 9 3 .4 5 512 TDD TDD TDD TDD TDD TDD 7 1024 TDD TDD 8 .7 5 1024 TDD 1 0 1024 TDD TDD TDD TDD TDD TDD 11 Wireless and Optical Communications Conference, NJIT, April 27th 2007
Spectrum Availability License Exempt Upper Licensed Low/Mid UNII UHF ISM UPCS WCS ISM MMDS UNII & ISM Int’l Int’l 1 2 3 4 5 GHz UHF 0.75 - 0.8 Channels 60-69, called the upper 700Mhz, are by congressional statute to be reclaimed for new services (broadband wireless). ISM 0.9 - 0.93 Industrial, Scientific & Medical Band – License exempt band UPCS 1.91 - 1.93 License exempt Personal Communications Services WCS 2.3 Wireless Communications Service. Licensed by Verizon, Bellsouth & AT&T ISM 2.4 - 2.48 Industrial, Scientific & Medical Band – License exempt band MMDS 2.5 - 2.7 Multi-channel Multipoint Distribution Service. Licensed in U.S. by Sprint, Worldcom & Nextel, Nucentrix. Int’l 3.4 - 3.7 Licensed Bands- Europe, Latin America, Asia 4.8 - 5 Licensed Bands-Japan UNII 5.15 - 5.35 License exempt National Information Infrastructure band 5.73 - 7.83 US Gov’t Exclusive 12 Source: Intel Corporation Non-Gov’t Exclusive Wireless and Optical Communications Conference, NJIT, April 27th 2007
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