Sustainable Shorelines Designs: Long I sland to Lake Erie Living Shorelines Project Long I sland Sound, W estport, CT Michael Ludwig Senior Biologist and Lead Regulatory Specialist 1
Presentation Outline › Introduction › Site Conditions › Problem Definition › Constraints › Alternative Assessment and Evaluation › Design Solution › Installation › Performance / Evaluation › Lessons Learned / Conclusions 18 NOVEMBER 2016 2 LIVING SHORELINES PROJECTS
Introduction 18 NOVEMBER 2016 2 LIVING SHORELINE PROJECTS
F. MICHAEL LUDWIG OCC| COWI History SENIOR BIOLOGIST AND LEAD REGULATORY SPECIALIST SPECIALIZATION: Biology, Regulatory Services, Project Management › Founded in 1983 YRS EXPERIENCE: 40 › Local Firm – CT and NYC EDUCATION: Doctoral Courses, Physical Oceanography, SUNY Stony Brook, NY › 90+ Staff M.S. Fisheries Management, Long Island University › ISO9001: 2008 Certified B.S., Major Biology, Minor Marine Geology, Southern CT State University › Dedicated Solely to Waterfront Engineering Projects Formerly, Regional Regulatory Affairs Coordinator for the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) National › Joined COWI in 2007 Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS 10+ Years Consulting Experience for Shoreline Erosion Mitigation and Coastal Resiliency 18 NOVEMBER 4 LIVING SHOELINE PROJECTS
Natural or "Green" Resiliency for sustainable shorelines › W hat is a Sustainable Shoreline? › Shoreline structures that seek to protect shoreline wildlife habitat ecological functions and values, outdoor recreation, community quality of life, and water-dependent business attributes for future generations. › These designs to not attain full protection but provide for natural recovery by incorporating resiliency characteristics. 18 NOVEMBER 5 LIVING SHOELINE PROJECTS
› Located in Westport, CT › community of sailors and their families who share a common interest in sailboat racing. › With a 115-year racing tradition › CPYC is a participatory club with racing, social, cruising, and other sailing-related activities 18 NOVEMBER 2016 6 LIVING SHORELINE PROJECTS
Site Conditions 18 NOVEMBER 2016 7 LIVING SHORELINE PROJECTS
Location / Conditions › North Shore of Long Island Sound › Developed Shoreline (typical of western LI Sound) › Basin Protected from Long Island Sound Southern and Eastern Fetch › Open to the North › Erodible Soils – Sands, Silts & Gravel › Subject to Over-wash During Storm Conditions (Sandy) 18 NOVEMBER 2016 8 LIVING SHORELINE PROJECTS
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Problem Definition 18 NOVEMBER 2016 10 LIVING SHORELINE PROJECTS
Site Conditions The m arina basin is m aintained by periodic dredging of glacial outw ash sand and gravel m aterial. The dredging and w ave activity cause erosion and basin infilling. 18 NOVEMBER 2016 11 LIVING SHORELINE PROJECTS
Site Details › The shoreline within the upper, intertidal zone on the southern and western sides is populated with an eroding Smooth/ Saltmarsh cordgrass ( Spartina alterniflora ) community . 13 SEPTEMBER 2016 12 CITY OF MILFORD RESILIENCY & STABILIZATION PROJECTS
Site Details Physical * Erosion above and below salt marsh * Over-wash events Biological * High saltmarsh Vegetation - Minor * Intertidal saltmarsh Vegetation - Dominant * Common Reedgrass, Shrubs and Trees above * Fiddler Crabs and Oysters 18 NOVEMBER 2016 13 LIVING SHORELINE PROJECTS
Site Details › The southern shore showed signs of erosion even through is was at the inner most portion of the marina and well protected(?). 18 NOVEMBER 2016 14 LIVING SHORELINE PROJECTS
Site Details 18 NOVEMBER 2016 15 LIVING SHORELINE PROJECTS
Site Details 18 NOVEMBER 2016 16 LIVING SHORELINE PROJECTS
Shoreline Change Analysis 18 NOVEMBER 2016 17 LIVING SHORELINE PROJECTS
Constraints 18 NOVEMBERR 2016 18 LIVING SHORELINE PROJECTS
Constraints › Engineered Solution: › "Perm anent," Cost Effective, & having Regulatory Acceptability 18 NOVEMBER 2016 19 LIVING SHORELINE PROJECTS
Alternative Assessment and Evaluation 18 NOVEMBERR 2016 20 LIVING SHORELINE PROJECTS
Alternatives & I nsights › Steel Sheet Pile Bulkhead › Permanent and robust › Well understood design › Expensive › Potential regulatory issues Riprap › Permanent and robust › Well understood design › Moderately priced › Moderate regulatory concerns 18 NOVEMBER 2016 21 LIVING SHORELINE PROJECTS
Alternatives › Vegetated Slope › Sustainability / survivability / maintenance › Design certification (level of protection?) › Relatively inexpensive (initial costs) › Regulatory friendly › Reinforced Vegetated Slope › Improved longevity › Better understood design › Moderately priced › Moderate regulatory concerns 18 NOVEMBER 2016 22 LIVING SHORELINE PROJECTS
Alternatives › Reinforced Vegetated Slope › (Gabion Mats / Riprap Sill) 18 NOVEMBER 2016 23 LIVING SHORELINE PROJECTS
Alternatives › Reinforced Vegetated Slope (Gabion Mats / Riprap Sill) › Improved longevity BUT has VANDALISM › Better understood design › Moderately priced › More regulatory concerns (fill) › Reinforced Vegetated Slope (Coir Mats) › Longevity relies more on vegetation development › Some design guidance › Moderately priced w/ fewer regulatory concerns (softer / non-permanent [ Bio-degradable] ) 18 NOVEMBER 2016 24 LIVING SHORELINE PROJECTS
Alternatives › Reinforced Vegetated Slope (Coir Mats) 18 NOVEMBER 2016 25 LIVING SHORELINE PROJECTS
DESIGN SOLUTION 18 NOVEMBER 2016 26 LIVING SHORELINE PROJECTS
Design Solution › Reinforced Vegetated Slope (Coir Mats) › Faster Implementation (Regulatory Acceptance) › Cost Effective › Monitor for Effectiveness (Revisit if or as needed) › Low wave energy / infrequent overtopping – acceptable design conditions › Acceptable level of protection / risk 18 NOVEMBER 2016 27 LIVING SHORELINE PROJECTS
Design Solution 18 NOVEMBER 2016 28 LIVING SHORELINE PROJECTS
INSTALLATION 18 NOVEMBER 2016 29 LIVING SHORELINE PROJECTS
Coir Log Sill April 2015 18 NOVEMBER 2016 30 LIVING SHORELINE PROJECTS
Coir Mat May 2015 31 18 NOVEMBER 2016 LIVING SHORELINE PROJECTS
Comments on Installation › Material availability / substitution › Installation duration › Contractor experience (marine construction vs. environmental & landscape experience) 18 NOVEMBER 2016 32 LIVING SHORELINE PROJECTS
Performance / Evaluation 18 NOVEMBER 2016 2 LIVING SHORELINE PROJECTS
Performance 18 NOVEMBER 2016 34 LIVING SHORELINE PROJECTS Installation June 2015
Performance 18 NOVEMBER 2016 35 LIVING SHORELINE PROJECTS Early July 2015
Performance 18 NOVEMBER 2016 36 LIVING SHORELINE PROJECTS Late July 2015
Performance 18 NOVEMBER 2016 37 LIVING SHORELINE PROJECTS August 2015
Performance / Evaluation › Filled in nicely during first growing season › No issues during first summer / fall › Minimal damage during winter 2015/ 16 › Further growth during 2016 growing season 18 NOVEMBER 2016 38 LIVING SHORELINE PROJECTS
Lessons Learned / Conclusions 18 NOVEMBER 2016 2 LIVING SHORELINE PROJECTS
Lessons Learned / Conclusions › Needs: › Additional regulatory guidance / acceptance › Additional design guidance for soft solutions › Client education / understanding of risks › Contractor experience › Lessons Learned › Involve client early / often in decision process › Monitoring is critical to help with future designs and installations 18 NOVEMBER 2016 40 LIVING SHORELINE PROJECTS
Thank You Questions? FMLU@COW I .com 18 NOVEMBER 2016 41 LIVING SHORELINE PROJECTS
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