INF5470 — Spring 2010 Philipp Häfliger Lecture 2: Neurophysiology in a Nutshell
Content Overview Methods Known Properties Lecture 2: Neurophysiology in a Nutshell 2
Content Overview Methods Known Properties Lecture 2: Neurophysiology in a Nutshell 3
Overview method test subjects observation area temp. res. spat. res. Psycho-physics alert humans cm 2 EEG alert humans patches of brain surface ms 5mm 3 fMRI and PET alert humans brain cross-sections 40ms 0.1 3 mm 3 Extra Cellular Electrode alert test animals neighbourhood of neurons µ s 10 3 µ m 3 Intra Cellular Electr. anesthetized test animals, one neuron µ s slice preparations Fluorescent Tracers anesthetized test animals, a dendritic tree ? < µ m slice preparations Lecture 2: Neurophysiology in a Nutshell 4
Content Overview Methods Known Properties Lecture 2: Neurophysiology in a Nutshell 5
Psychophysics (1/3) Measuring human performance in special tasks in order to make conclusions on physiology. Examples: ◮ reaction times in deciding whether there is food in a picture. ◮ optical illusions ◮ attention tasks: http://viscog.beckman.uiuc.edu/flashmovie/15.php Lecture 2: Neurophysiology in a Nutshell 6
Psychophysics (2/3) (Do you spot an animal?) Lecture 2: Neurophysiology in a Nutshell 7
Psychophysics (3/3) Lecture 2: Neurophysiology in a Nutshell 8
EEG (1/2) Electro-encephalogram: Surface electrodes on skin, measuring correlated activity of a population of neurons. Lecture 2: Neurophysiology in a Nutshell 9
EEG (2/2) Lecture 2: Neurophysiology in a Nutshell 10
fMRI and PET (1/2) fMRI (functional magnet resonance imaging)and PET (positron emission tomography) measure indicators of neuron activity like increased bloodflow and oxygene consumption Lecture 2: Neurophysiology in a Nutshell 11
fMRI and PET (2/2) Lecture 2: Neurophysiology in a Nutshell 12
Extra Cellular Electrodes/Field Potentials Electrodes in the brain tissue that record field potentials caused by the surrounding neurons. Reconstruction methods are sometimes able to isolate activity of individual neurons. Lecture 2: Neurophysiology in a Nutshell 13
Intra Cellular Electrodes (1/2) Sharp electrodes and patch clamp electrodes observe activity inside a neuron Lecture 2: Neurophysiology in a Nutshell 14
Intra Cellular Electrodes (2/2) Lecture 2: Neurophysiology in a Nutshell 15
Imaging with Fluorecent Tracers For example two photon microscopy to observe dynamics of chemicals, e.g. calcium Lecture 2: Neurophysiology in a Nutshell 16
Left out here: Methods in Neuroanatomy Lecture 2: Neurophysiology in a Nutshell 17
Content Overview Methods Known Properties Lecture 2: Neurophysiology in a Nutshell 18
Brain Parts Lecture 2: Neurophysiology in a Nutshell 19
Cortical Regions (1/3) Lecture 2: Neurophysiology in a Nutshell 20
Cortical Regions (2/3) Lecture 2: Neurophysiology in a Nutshell 21
Cortical Regions (3/3) Lecture 2: Neurophysiology in a Nutshell 22
Orgaization within cortical regions (1/3) Ocular dominance patterns Lecture 2: Neurophysiology in a Nutshell 23
Orgaization within cortical regions (2/3) Ocular dominance patterns Lecture 2: Neurophysiology in a Nutshell 24
Orgaization within cortical regions (3/3) Orientation selection patterns Lecture 2: Neurophysiology in a Nutshell 25
Cortical Layers and Microcolumns(1/3) Lecture 2: Neurophysiology in a Nutshell 26
Cortical Layers and Microcolumns(2/3) Lecture 2: Neurophysiology in a Nutshell 27
Cortical Layers and Microcolumns(3/3) Lecture 2: Neurophysiology in a Nutshell 28
Neurons and Synapses More about those in dedicated lectures Lecture 2: Neurophysiology in a Nutshell 29
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